全国职称英语考试综合类AB级课堂笔记概括大意二

　　Passage 2

　　How to Argue with your Boss

　　Before you argue with your boss, check with the bosss secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the bosss secretary, there are keys to timing: dont approach the boss when hes on deadline dont go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed; dont go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.

　　If youre mad, that will only make your boss mad. Calm down first. And dont let a particular concern open the floodgates for all your accumulated frustration. The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then , maybe he will dismiss you.

　　Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.

　　Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you cant put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem . People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they cant get past the secretary.

　　To deal effectively with a boss, its important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.

　　练习：

　　Paragraph 2________

　　Paragraph 3________

　　Paragraph 4________

　　Paragraph 5________

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　C. Propose Your Solution

　　D. Dont Go in When You are Angry

　　E. Make the Issue Clear

　　F. Never Give in

　　If you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first________.

　　It is necessary to make clear to the boss____________

　　It is not wise to present the boss with a problem___________

　　You must be considerate and think of the troubles__________

　　A. to give the boss your advice

　　B. how he is feeling

　　C. the boss may have

　　D. what you really want to talk to him about

　　E. without suggesting a way to solve it

　　F. how unhappy you are

　　答案及解析：

　　1.文章标题分析：How to Argue with your Boss

　　Before you argue with your boss, check with the bosss secretary to determine his mood.

　　分析：注意到句子使用的是一般现在时态，这表明是对客观情况的描述。 argue with v. 与某人议论

　　argue vi. 争论, 争辩, 辩论

　　e.g. argue for [against] a proposal辩论赞成[反对]某项建议

　　2.对概括大意备选项进行分析，注意抓住核心词。

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　C. Propose Your Solution

　　D. Dont Go in When You are Angry

　　E. Make the Issue Clear

　　F. Never Give in Propose vt, vi 建议

　　Synonyms: suggest, recommend

　　e.g. He proposed that we should go for a walk.

　　他提议我们去散步。

　　give in v.投降, 屈服, 让步

　　give up v.放弃, 停止

　　3.看指定段落，确认段落小标题。

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　C. Propose Your Solution

　　D. Dont Go in When You are Angry

　　E. Make the Issue Clear

　　F. Never Give in

　　2 If youre mad, that will only make your boss mad(mad与D中的Angry呼应). Calm down first. And dont let a particular concern open the floodgates (水门/闸门)for all your accumulated frustration(挫折/积怨). The boss will feel that you think negatively about the company and it is hopeless trying to change your mind. Then, maybe he will dismiss you. (陈述某种情况的结果，而这种情况可以成为D出现的理由)

　　D.分析：该段落中没有明显的特征词/短语重复出现的特点，注意到短首句的用词特点和段未句的语意，判断答案为D。 keep/find/make/leave n./pron. adj.

　　e.g. make me happy/sad; leave me alone; find it important.

　　It is/was adj. /n. to do sth./ that../doing sth.

　　e.g. It is necessary for us to arrive at school on time.

　　Dismiss vt解雇;开除; 解散;遣散

　　e.g. He was dismissed from his job. 他被解雇了。

　　e.g. dismiss a class/下课

　　比较：

　　fire: vt. 解雇

　　e.g. Youre fired. 你被解雇了

　　Pack up v. 打好旅行用的行李, 停止;结束

　　e.g. He was told by the boss to pack up.老板把他解雇了

　　send sb. packing把赶走;炒鱿鱼;即刻把人解雇

　　e.g. She tried to interfere, but I sent her packing!

　　她企图干预，我把她赶走了。

　　lay off(临时)解雇

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　C. Propose Your Solution

　　E. Make the Issue Clear

　　F. Never Give in

　　3 Terrible disputes can result when neither the employer nor the employee knows what is the problem the other wants to discuss. Sometimes the fight will go away when the issues are made clear. The employee has to get his point across clearly in order to make the boss understand it.

　　E.分析：段落中近义结构的反复出现直接暗示段落中心E。 get across (to)被理解;使人了解

　　e.g. Did your speech get across to the crowd?

　　你的演说听众理解吗?

　　比较：

　　put across 解释;表达

　　e.g.Im not putting my meaning across very well.

　　我未把我的意思解释清楚。

　　go away v.走开

　　neither adv也不

　　e.g. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly.

　　他回答了我的问题,但是他说得又快又不清楚。

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　C. Propose Your Solution

　　F. Never Give in

　　4 Your boss has enough on his mind without your adding more. If you cant put forward an immediate solution, at least suggest how to approach the problem. People who frequently present problems without solutions to their bosses may soon find they cant get past the secretary.

　　C.分析：段落中solution的重复出现，和段落中与该词语意相近的结构(how to approach the problem)的出现，共同揭示C是答案。 put forward 提出(意见、建议)，推荐;提名;把时针向前拨

　　e.g. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.

　　1860年,一个名叫威廉.娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。

　　at least adv.至少

　　at most adv.至多

　　approach vt, vi 走近， 开始考虑;开始着手, n. 接近, 方法

　　e.g. We approached the museum. 我们走近博物馆。

　　e.g. He approached the idea with caution. 他开始认真地考虑那个主意。

　　e.g. approaching 5 million 接近500万

　　A. Keep Your Voice Low All the Time

　　B. Put Yourself in the Bosss Position

　　F. Never Give in

　　5 To deal effectively with a boss, its important to consider his goals and pressures. If you can put yourself in the position of being a partner to the boss, then he will be naturally more inclined to work you to achieve your goals.

　　分析：段落中直接出现了与B呼应的结构，所以直接确认答案B。 incline： v. (常与to, towards连用)倾向于，使认为

　　e.g. What he said inclines me to think that he will agree to our plan.

　　他的话使我觉得他会同意我们的计划的

　　e.g. I incline to fatness. 我有些发胖。

　　对于该部分题注意利用语法和搭配句意判断答案。

　　A. to give the boss your advice

　　B. how he is feeling

　　C. the boss may have

　　D. what you really want to talk to him about

　　E. without suggesting a way to solve it

　　F. how unhappy you are

　　If you want to ask the boss for anything, it is important to find out first ________.

　　B.分析：find out后需要跟宾语，而B，D，F都可以作宾语成分，在借助搭配句意和原文：

　　Before you argue with your boss, check with the bosss secretary to determine his mood。 find out v.找出, 发现, 查明

　　A. to give the boss your advice

　　C. the boss may have

　　D. what you really want to talk to him about

　　E. without suggesting a way to solve it

　　F. how unhappy you are

　　It is necessary to make clear to the boss____________

　　D.分析：make clear(把。。表述清楚)后需要跟宾语，而D，F都可以作宾语成分，借助搭配句意选择答案D。

　　A. to give the boss your advice

　　C. the boss may have

　　E. without suggesting a way to solve it

　　F. how unhappy you are

　　It is not wise to present the boss with a problem___________

　　E.分析：根据搭配句意和对文章大意的理解选择E(作状语) Without: prep没有;缺乏

　　e.g. He won the first prize in the speech contest without much effort.

　　他没费多少劲就获得了演讲比赛一等奖。

　　e.g. Without a moments hesitation, she jumped into the river to save the drowning girl.

　　她毫不犹豫地跳进河里去救快要溺死的女孩。

　　e.g. He went away without taking leave. 他不辞而别。

　　A. to give the boss your advice

　　C. the boss may have

　　F. how unhappy you are

　　You must be considerate and think of the troubles__________

　　C.分析：根据搭配句意选择C(作定语)。 think of: v. 考虑, 关心, 想起

　　think of..as..v. 把...看作

　　think highly of v. 看重;器重

　　think nothing of 轻视;认为无所谓

　　think out 想出;仔细考虑

　　think about v. 考虑, 回想

　　think over: v. 仔细考虑, 重新考虑

　　think up: v. 想出, 发明