Phobia
Phobia is intense and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. Because of this intense and persistent fear, the phobic person often leads a constricted life. The anxiety is typically out of proportion to the real situation, and the victim is fully aware that the fear is irrational.
Phobic anxiety is distinguishable from other forms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certain object or situation. This anxiety is characterized by physiological symptoms such as a rapid, pounding heartbeat, stomach disorders, nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination, choking feelings, flushing of the face, perspiration, tremulousness, and faintness. Some phobic people are able to confront their fears. More commonly, however, they avoid the situation or object that cause the fear---an avoidance that impairs the sufferers freedom.
Psychiatrists recognize three major types of phobias. Simple phobias are fears of specific objects or situations such as animal, closed spaces, and heights. The second type, agoraphobia, is fear of open, public places and situations from which escape is difficult; agoraphobics tend increasingly to avoid more situations until eventually they become housebound. Social phobias, the third type, are fears of appearing stupid or shameful in social situations. The simple phobias, especially the fear of animal, may begin in childhood and persist into adulthood. Agoraphobia characteristically begins in late adolescence or early adulthood, and social phobia is also associated with adolescence.
Although agoraphobia is more often seen in treatment than the other types of phobia, it is not believed to be as common as simple phobia. Taken together, the phobias are believed to afflict 5 to 10 persons in 100. Agoraphobia and simple phobia are more commonly diagnosed in women than in men; the distribution for social phobia is not known. Agoraphobias, social phobias, and animal phobias tend to run in families.
Behavioral techniques have proved successful in treating phobias, especially simple and social phobias. One technique, systematic desensitization, involves gradually confronting the phobic person with situations or objects that are increasingly close to the feared ones. Exposure therapy, another behavioral method, has recently been shown more affective. In this technique, phobics are repeatedly exposed to the feared situation or object so that they can see that no harm befalls them; the fear gradually fades. Antianxiety drugs have also been used as palliatives. Antidepressant drugs have also proved successful in treating some phobias.
1. According to the passage, a phobic person has fear
A) because he thinks life is terrible.
B) because the things before him are really fearful.
C) even if he knows that his fear is unnecessary.
D) for he is always threatened by others.
2. All the following symptoms may be experienced by a phobic EXCETP
A) sweating.
B) trembling.
C) forgetting things.
D) feeling like vomiting.
3. When faced with the object or situation they are afraid of, most phobics
A) try to stay away from the object or situation.
B) try to pick up courage and fight the object or situation.
C) go to their doctors so as to gain freedom.
D) know that their fears are the same with other forms of anxiety.
4. People suffering from agoraphobia may be afraid of
A) staying with dogs and cats.
B) taking the bus in rush hours.
C) standing on top of a high building.
D) staying alone at home.
5. Systematic desensitization and exposure therapy are similar ways of treating phobias
A) because both involve gradual exposure of phobics to fear stimuli
B) because both are behavioral methods.
C) because both use antianxiety drugs.
D) because both use antidepressant drugs.
答案: CCABB
GMAT数学高分的10个小技巧
短时间内提升GMAT数学成绩
gmat数学满分如何炼成
超实用GMAT数学备考资料推荐
GMAT数学满分经验谈
GMAT数学考试晋级技巧之:数据填充
GMAT数学常用符号小结
盘点GMAT数学考试的常用理论
GMAT数学所体现的计量方法
GMAT数学备考之常见问题小结
如何提高GMAT数学的备考效率
5大法宝助你拿下GMAT数学高分
常用的GMAT数学公式汇总
GMAT数学考试中的公理有哪些
GMAT数学解题策略之排列组合
关于GMAT数学备考的经验分享
绝对实用 GMAT数学考试小技巧
GMAT数学满分的备考原则
GMAT数学基本概念解读技巧
冲击GMAT数学满分的10个要点
gmat数学应试技巧之数据填充题
拿到GMAT数学高分的几个小技巧
部分GMAT数学术语精选
gmat数学140道真题(1)
gmat数学精解之算术
充分性问题在GMAT数学考试中的解题技巧
GMAT数学备考策略三步曲
如何应对GMAT数学难题
gmat考试常见数学难题的解题方法
数学基础薄弱的考生如何应对GMAT数学考试
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |