Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. 练习: 1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support? A) Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older. B) Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children. C) The first three years of ones life is extremely important to the later development of personality. D) Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three. 2. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlbys work? A) mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years or older. B) Day care nurseries have positive effects on a childs development. C) A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life. D) Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable effects on a childs personality. 3. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that A) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies. B) a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies. C) mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies. D) children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years. 4. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlbys theory? A) many studies show that day care has a positive effect on childrens development. B) Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldnt be so many nursery schools. C) Separation from parent for very young children is common in some traditional societies. D) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with. 5. Which of the following best expresses the writers attitude towards early day care? A) Children under three should stay with heir parents. B) Early day care has positive effects on childrens development. C) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics. D) The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue. Keys:CAADC
效率囧研究:晚上起床尿尿会影响工作效率
美准将与情妇打架被停职
主持人吮吸女嘉宾母乳 荷兰重口味节目引争议
伦敦发生疑似恐怖袭击 一名士兵被当街砍杀
西点军校教官被指偷拍女生 美国军队又曝丑闻
神奇的记忆法:记东西握右拳,想东西握左拳
7大原因深度解析:为何有些恋爱注定会失败?
爱尔兰统一香烟包装 禁用品牌标志
贝克汉姆退役,小小贝布鲁克林子承父业开启足球生涯
澳洲男子欲拍灵异现象 却拍到女友与儿子通奸画面
长相酷似歌星泰勒-斯威夫特 英国女孩遭嫉妒殴打
My View on Physical Exercise 体育锻炼之我见
一条宠物狗掉进粪坑 一家4口为救它死3人
办公应用提升iPad工作效率
在中国买不起房?不如去西班牙买个村吧!
新一代的艺术表达:对青春和音乐的激情
德国铁路公司将试用无人机监控涂鸦行为
美国一小学因天气好放假1天:晴朗天气好出游!
美国4游客冰岛冰川上野餐 遇冰川断裂被漂走
没同情心没关系,冥想训练可助你
BBC调查:德国是世界上最受欢迎的国家
当下最吃香的7种技能
最幸福的发达国家:澳大利亚连续第三年获评
9岁女童批麦当劳CEO:请不要再欺骗儿童了!
经济学家抛出惊人结论:经济萧条有利减肥有益健康
俄罗斯士兵额头中弹 老虎钳拔子弹微笑以对
农村老太会说11门外语 学习外语是日积月累的结果
互联网情报搜集秘笈曝光,美国民众可过特工瘾
挪威奇葩工作招聘:你是大嗓门?那来看着北极熊吧!
无限乐观主义:我最爱的5条正能量贴士
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |