名词性从句: 什么叫名词性从句? 在英语句子中,主语、宾语和表语是名词,在这三个位置上出现的句子就称为名词性从,即:主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的总称。由于他们的连接原则和连接词的使用基本一致,故放在一起讲解。 如何连接? 名词性从句的连接可以简单地归纳为三句话: 1) 从句不缺成分用that 2) 从句缺少主语、宾语和表语,物用what, 人用who / whom / whoever / whomever 3) 其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带-wh的词, 第一句话:从句不缺成分用that,例如: My hope is that she will soon be well again. Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again. That she will soon be well again is our hope. 从上面三个句子可以看出: 1) 名词性从句中的that 只是起连接作用,不充当任何成分,一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别; 2) 除了主语从句居首的情况,是可以省略的,特别是宾语从句中。例3也可以写成:It is our hope that she will soon be well again. 此项内容不是考试重点。 第二句话:从句缺少主语、宾语和表语, 物用what,人用who / whom / whoever / whomever 这是名词性从句考试的重点, 特别是what, 这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分, 例如: ______ he needs is more time. 显然,主语从句中:he是主语,而谓语动词needs缺宾语,因此填what Tell us _____ you saw and heard during your visit to that university. 同样,宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语,应填 what This is not ______ I want. 同样,表语从句中动词缺宾语,应填what ______ some people are against is ______ other people are for. 这是一个主语从句 + 表语从句的结构,介词against和 for后面都没有宾语,无疑都应填what:一些人反对的就是其他人赞成的。 应注意的问题: 1) 关于what的疑问性和名词性: I dont know what you dont know. 这个句子可以有两个译文:我不知道你不知道什么。/ 你不知道的我也不知道。显然,第一个译文中what是疑问性的;第二个译文中what是名词性的,中文往往表达为的. 注意:这种区分并不影响做语法选择题,只影响翻译理解. 例如: What has made Japan ______ it is today? 不要急着试图翻译这个句子,先考虑一下从句中缺了什么成分?缺表语,即: it is 的表语,那就填what, 即:What has made Japan what it is today? 是什么使日本成为今天这个样子?句中第一个what是疑问性的,第二个what是名词性的。 2) 关于whoever和whomever的用法: 上面讲到,what具有疑问性和名词性。同样,讲到人谁时, 也有疑问性和名词性之分。现代语法规定,疑问性 谁?用who / whom,名词性谁 = 那个人用whoever/ whomever. , 例如: 谁迟到就开除谁。该句中的谁不是问哪个人迟到了?,而是说迟到的那个人,显然是名词性的,应译为:Whoever comes late will be fired. 这也是目前语法考试的一个重点。 3) 用who 还是whom? We are talking about ______ will attend the meeting. 在个句子中,尽管空格______的位置在介词about 后面,属介词宾语的一部分,但它在从句中做主语,因此还是应该填who 而不是填whom;此原则同样适用于whoever与 whomever之间的选择。 第三句话:其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带-wh的词,例如: I wonder whether he will come in such bad weather. 名词性从句有两个两个重点:what 和whoever
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