When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success.few nations can match Germany.Since the 1940s.the nations vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science.And though German prosperityhas faltered over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline,it still has an enviablerecord for turning ideas into profit.
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought.after technologies.But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success.but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur ,the argument goes,then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity.driven,flee and widely available will Suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
Ⅵmile this debate continues.new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germanys research networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europes largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2,000 people.It continues to grow.Last year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin.Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer. B Good management C Hard work. D Fierce competition
32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free. B It is profit-driven. C It is widely available. D It is curiosity-driven.
33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in
A Asia. B USA. C Europe. D Africa.
34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940. B Last year. C After the unification. D In 1949.
35 The word expertise in line 3 could be best replaced by
experts. B scientists. . C scholars. D special knowledge.
参考答案:A B C D D
答案解析:
31.正确答案为A.答案在第一段可以找到,该段的最后一句话it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit是该段的总结,明确指出了德国的繁荣归功于技术的转换。
32.正确答案为B.答案可以在第三段里找到,这里段里有这样一句话:打traditional principles of university research being curiosity.driven,free and widely available will suffer,传磊的大学科研原则有三个特点,惟独没有profit.driven,即受利益驱动。
33.正确答案为C.答案在最后一段里讲得很清楚。
34.正确答案为D.答案在最后一段的第一句话里。
35.正确答案为D.expertise是特殊领域的知识和学问的意思,另外三个选项都用来指人,在这个上下文里根本不合适。
口语俚语小测验,看你知道几个
关于埃及的神秘文化你不知道的10件事
贪官们犯的那些事儿,用英文咋说?
“拍脑袋决定”当选澳大利亚2015年度热词
2016学年高一上册英语寒假试卷及答案
2016年高二英语精选寒假作业题
会不会时常“被杂物淹没”?
经常走神?说明你太聪明了
中国外交进入“中东时间”
“完美食欲症”小测试
2015—2016高一英语上册寒假试题
2016年高二英语寒假作业参考答案
高一年级英语寒假作业精选
英国国家电视奖揭晓 《唐顿庄园》获最佳剧情
2016高一上学期英语寒假测试卷
高一年级寒假英语试卷(2015—2016)
2015最不安全密码榜出炉
习近平为中东发展开中国处方
习近平谈中阿友谊
奥斯卡表演奖提名“太白”遭炮轰
朝鲜发明了可以“防止宿醉”的人参酒
高一年级英语寒假作业题
中国“劳动人口”四连降
IMDb选出史上最经典的10句电影台词
遇见熟人却想不起名字的尴尬
“袋鼠妈妈”怀抱比保温箱“暖”
有点污!超实用的恋爱俚语
互动图表看出你的寿命及潜在死因
美科学家称发现太阳系第九行星
高一英语学科上学期寒假测试卷(2015—2016)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |