2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(2)

　　Medical Journals

　　Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals.

　　In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing. many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals publish only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine.

　　Medical journals publish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review article published in the same issue. Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal.

　　注释：

　　1. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or treating a particular disease.由于个体研究的结果可能受很多因素的影响，因此将有关同一题目的不同研究的结果汇总起来，可能有助于 得出有关预防、诊断或是治疗某一疾病所需的科学证据的结论。

　　1.The main readers of medical journals are

　　A. the general public.

　　B. health professionals.

　　C. medical critics.

　　D. news reporters.

　　2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

　　A. Many medical journals also publish online.

　　B. A few medical journals are general medical journals.

　　C. Most medical journals publish only online.

　　D. Most medical journals are specialty journals.

　　3.How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?

　　A. Five.

　　B. Seven.

　　C. Four.

　　D. Six.

　　4.An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called

　　A. a research article.

　　B. a review article.

　　C. a case report.

　　D. an editorial.

　　5.Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on

　　A. any medical event.

　　B. articles published in the same issue.

　　C. articles published in that journal.

　　D. medical development.

　　答案与题解：

　　1. B从文i的第一段可以得知，医学杂志主要向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息。

　　2.C从文章第二段可以得知，许多医学杂志既有铅印版，也有网络版;部分医学杂志则只有网 络版。大部分医学杂志都是专业杂志，只有少数医学杂志被认为是普通医学杂志。

　　3. A文章的第三段提到了五大类型的文章，即科研论文、综述文章、病例会诊和病理报告、社 论与读者来信o

　　4. B从文章第 1段可以得知,将有关同一题目的不同研究的结果加以归纳与分析的文章被称 为综述文章。

　　5.C从文章第三段的最后一句话可以得知，读者来信主要涉及读者对本医学杂志刊载的文章 所进行的评论等。

　　译文：医学杂志

　　医学杂志是向医生和其他医务人员提供医学信息的出版物。

　　在过去，这些杂志只有印刷版。随着电子出版的发展，许多医学杂志现在都有网站了，有些杂志 只有网络版。少数的医学杂志，如《美国医学会杂志》，被看做是普通医学杂志，因为它们涵盖了医 学的许多领域。大部分医学杂志都是针对特定医疗领域的专业杂志。

　　医学杂志登载很多类型的文章。科研论文报告调查研究的结果，内容涵盖基础疾病机理和比较 不同疗法产生的结果的临床试验。综述文章在细致研究医学文献的基础上，总结和分析与某个特定 话题相关的信息。由于个体研究之结果可能受很多因素的影响，因此将有关同一题目的不同研究之 结果汇总起来，可能有助于得出有关预防、诊断或是治疗某一疾病所需的科学证据的结论。病例会 诊和病例报告可能会登载在医学杂志上,告知医生特定的疾病和如何治疗。医学杂志上的社论是表 达作者观点的短文章，它们经常是针对同一期杂志上登载的一篇科研论文或综述文章的。社论提供 了一个整体看法，阐述这篇文章是怎样和同一话题的其他信息联系在一起的。读者来信为医学杂志 的读者提供了发表评论、提问或批评杂志上登载的文章的途径。