2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(11)

　　Sleeplessness

　　Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint1 of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who are having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once2 the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesnt it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.3 How do you know?

　　If you suffer from insomnia every night or most nights for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If youre not having night sweats then its time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health care provider5. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list6 of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain.

　　In up to7 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these people has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose8 and for the shortest possible time.

　　Sleep hygiene9 is directed at changing bad sleep habits. The recommendations are： 一 Go to bed only when sleepy. 一Do not wait up to a specified time. 一Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc.

　　词汇：

　　insomnia 失目民，失眠症 qualified 有资格的，胜任的，具备必要条件的

　　syndrome .综合病症，综合症 状 identify 识别，鉴定

　　dose 剂量，一 剂，一服

　　hygiene卫生，卫生学，保健学 recommendation .劝告，建议;推荐

　　specify 具体指定，明确说明 caffeine 咖啡因，咖啡碱

　　complaint.疾病;抱怨，诉苦 menopause 绝经，绝经 期，更年期

　　refreshing提神的，凉爽的，清 凉的 chronic 慢性的 depression 抑郁，沮丧，消沉 disorder 紊 舌L,不适,病

　　注释：

　　1.complaint:此处意为疾病。

　　2.once:旦

　　3.If it doesnt it may be, or have become chronic insomnia.如果正常的睡眠规律不能恢复，则可 能成为或已经成为慢性失眠了。If k doesnt中的k指上一句提到的normal sleep pattern。

　　4. How do you know?是 How do you know if it may be or have become chronic insomnia?的省略。

　　5.a qualified health care provider：个合格的保健工作者，这里泛指医生或健康咨询专家等。

　　6.second on the list:在名单上列第二，即从重要性来看位于第二。

　　7.up to:接近

　　8.in the lowest dose:用最小剂量

　　9.sleep hygiene:睡眠的卫生，指与睡眠有关的一系列健康习惯。

　　练习：

　　1.The word insomnia in the first paragraph means

　　A having trouble falling or staying asleep.

　　B feeling that ones sleep is adequate for him.

　　C having no sweats at night.

　　D having a normal sleep pattern.

　　2.How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph?

　　A Five.

　　B Six.

　　C Seven.

　　D Numerous.

　　3.The expression second on the list in the second paragraph means

　　A the second least important cause of sleeplessness.

　　B the second most important cause of sleeplessness.

　　C the second on the doctors list about sleepless people.

　　D the second on the writers list recording sleeplessness.

　　4. Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true?

　　A Most adult Americans use sleeping pills for sleep.

　　B Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills.

　　C Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period.

　　D Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount.

　　5.Which of thp following does not fit with sleep hygiene?

　　A Making a rule to go to bed at a specific time every day.

　　B Going to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time.

　　C Trying not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening.

　　D Changing bad sleep habits and following doctors advice.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.A 本文第二句给了insomnia 的定义，Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. 至少这三种情况都可叫做失眠。

　　2.B 共提六种，艮P night sweats, depression, anxiety disorders, movement disorders, shift working, pain。

　　3.B因第二段是列举失眠原因，second on the list指从重要性方面来看位于第二。

　　4.D 第三段末句提到了安眠药，谈到 ..? sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose.. ? 即应使用最小剂量。

　　5.A最后一段提出建议:困了就睡和晚上不喝令人兴奋的咖啡和酒等，并不要求定时上床，故 A项是错误的。

　　译文：失眠

　　失眠是进入绝经期女性的普遍疾病。失眠是指不能入睡或不能长时间睡着，或有对自己的睡眠 不满意的感觉。对那些晚上出盗汗的女性们来说，她们夜里经常醒来，因而休息不好。一般来说，一 停止盗汗，正常的睡眠就会恢复。如果正常的睡眠规律不能恢复，则可能成为或已经成为慢性失眠 了。那么如何判断是否得了慢性失眠呢?

　　如果在一个月内你每晚或大部分晚上都失眠了，那你就得了慢性失眠。如果你没盗汗那就应 该找找其他的原因。抑郁和焦虑是最普通的导致慢性失眠的原因。如果你感到抑郁那就需要找一 个合格的保健工作者来对你进行检查。像不宁腿综合症这样的动作异常是导致失眠的第二大原因。 有一些新药可能会对此有帮助。其他一些通常的原因就是不固定的工作时间和疼痛。

　　有将近30%的失眠者没有显著的原因。对这些病人的治疗方法一般是吃安眠药。去年估计有 25%的美国成年人吃药以保证睡眠。大家一致认为服用安眠药应用最小剂量，用药期尽量短。

　　睡眠卫生主要是指改掉坏的睡眠习惯。建议是：困了就睡觉，不要非等到指定的时间;晚上不要 摄取咖啡因和酒精等物质。