2014年职称英语卫生类考试教材阅读理解文章及练习(10)

　　Cigars Instead?

　　Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study.

　　Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx sixfold1，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland.

　　In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers2 and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers.

　　The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article Cigars ： Health Effects and Trends. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines.

　　This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase3 in cigar use and the significant public health consequences4 for the country, said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement.

　　The data are clear 一 the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with5 the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases， he added. In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes6 and may be addictive.

　　To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is dont.7 To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks， warned Klausner.

　　According to a National Cancer Institute press release8，there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events，but ... a significant body of evidence9 clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke.

　　词汇：

　　cigar 雪茄烟 double 使加倍，把增一倍

　　esophagus 食管 larynx

　　esophageal 食管的 e mit 发出，射出，散发

　　carcinogenic 致癌的 nitrosamine亚硝胺

　　invaluable 非常宝贵的，无 价的

　　carcinogen 致癌物 alternative 供替代的抉择

　　addictive 上癮的，入迷的

　　eliminate 排除，消除，根除

　　注释：

　　1.sixfold：六倍。fold 是一个表示倍数的后缀,如：sevenfold，eightfold。

　　2.smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8. 5 times the risk for nonsmokers:每天吸三到四支雪茄时这些吸烟者患口腔癌的危险增加到不吸烟者的8.5倍

　　3.disturbing increase:令人不安的增长

　　4.significant public health consequences ：又才大众健康造成的严重后果

　　5.be associated with ：与有关

　　6.cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes:雪前不是香烟的安全替代品

　　7.To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is dont.对那些 正考虑吸雪茄的人,我们的建议是别那么做。

　　8.press release：资讯稿

　　9.a significant body of evidence:大量的有力证据。body是一大堆的意思。

　　练习：

　　1.According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day

　　A increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.

　　B greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.

　　C increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.

　　D greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.

　　2.In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?

　　A Six.

　　B Seven.

　　C Eight.

　　D Nine.

　　3.What is the main idea of the article Cigars： Health Effects and Trends ?

　　A When it comes to cancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes.

　　B Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.

　　C Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.

　　D Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.

　　4.What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers?

　　A To give it up completely.

　　B To give up part of it.

　　C Not to think about it any more.

　　D To cure the diseases first.

　　5. In the context of this passage, secondhand smoke means

　　A smoking bad-quality cigars.

　　B smoking very cheap cigars.

　　C being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking.

　　D being near cigar smokers when they are smoking.

　　答案与题解：

　　1.D 第三段中smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times, the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. 谈论了吸烟者患癌症的可能性。

　　2.B 第一段中提到 lip，tongue, mouth, throat 四种，第二段中提到 lung, esophagus, larynx 三 种，共七种，第三段中的oral是对lip, tongue, mouth等的统称，不应再算做一种。

　　3.A倒数第三段中的一句话概括了文章的中心，即...cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.

　　4.A 倒数第二段中医生的建议是To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer. ??，艮P 完全方文弃 0

　　5.D 二手吸烟，即我们所说的被动吸烟,最后一段中的nonsmokers at cigar social events提 示了这一情景。

　　译文：换抽雪茄?

　　政府研究表明一天抽一到两支雪茄使唇、舌、口腔、咽喉得癌症的几率提高一倍。

　　马里兰的贝瑟斯达国家癌症研究机构的研究员说，每天抽雪茄增加肺癌和食管癌的发病率，会 使喉癌的发病率提高6倍。

　　另外,报告指出一天抽三到四支雪茄会使口腔癌发病率提高到不吸烟者的8. 5倍，使食道癌的 发病率提高到不吸烟者的4倍。

　　吸雪茄对健康的影响是文章《雪茄：健康影响与倾向》中八个问题中的一个。研究人员说，一支 大雪茄排放出的烟草特有的致癌亚硝胺是一支香烟的90倍。

　　国家癌症研究所的负责人Richard Klausner博士在一次发言中说：这篇文章为国家提供了清楚 而有价值信息,它指出了的关于雪茄消费的令人不安的增长及其对公众健康造成的严重后果。

　　事实很显然雪茄中的有害物和致癌物和香烟一样，与几种癌症和心脏、肺部疾病发病率 的增长有关。他又补充说:换句话说，雪茄不是香烟的安全替代品，它一样可以令人上瘾。

　　Klausner警告说：对那些想要抽雪茄的人,我们的忠告是~不要抽。对那些正在抽雪茄的人 来说，要彻底消除癌症、心脏病和肺病的患病风险，唯一途径就是戒烟。

　　国家癌症研究所的资讯简报透露,在雪茄对被动吸烟者的健康影响方面还没有进行研究，但是 大量的有力证据表明被动吸烟者中肺癌发病率增长了。