非谓语动词也叫非限定动词或动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词,.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外, 具有动词的部分语法特征,可以承担句子的任何成分。
分词
1. 分词作定语
1) 分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前,作前置定语,也可以放在所修饰的词后面,作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如:
Where are the reserved seats?
预定的座位在哪里?
This is a pressing problem.
这是一个紧迫的问题。
2) 分词作后置定语可分为限制性和非限制性两种,其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如:
The funds raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waiting to get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
This book, written in simple English, is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的,适合初学者。
3) 分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如:
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
那位手持鲜花的姑娘一定在等人。
The newly-built building is our office building.
这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。
4) 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语,并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如:
There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.
秋天有许多落叶。
The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man.
这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。
常用的这一类词有:fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。
2. 分词作宾语补足语
1) 跟分词作宾补的动词有:catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如:
When they returned home from the holiday, they found their house stolen.
当他们度假完回到家时,发现房子被盗了。
2) 在复合宾语中,用现在分词作宾补,说明宾语是动作的发出者,形成逻辑上的主谓关系;用过去分词作宾补,表示宾语是动作的承受者,构成逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:
There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹,讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.
他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
3. 分词作状语
1) 分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状况。通常可转换成相应的状语从句;表示方式或伴随状况的可以转换成并列句或非限制性定语从句。例如:
Confined to bed , she needed to be waited on in everything.
她卧病在床,什么事都需要人伺候。
Having only book knowledge , you will not be
able to work well.
如果只有书本知识,你就不可能做好工作。
They stood there waiting for the bus.
他们站在那里等公共汽车。
2) 现在分词和过去分词作状语时的用法比较
不管是现在分词还是过去分词作状语,如果单独作状语,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致。分词作状语通常可以转换成一个相应的状语从句,如果状语从句中的谓语动词为被动结构,就用过去分词;如果状语从句中的谓语动词为主动结构,就用现在分词。有时为了强调,分词前可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等一起作状语,以便使句子的意思更清楚、更连贯。例如:
Working hard , you will succeed.
如果你努力,你会成功的。
Defeated , he remained a popular boxer.
虽然他被击败了,但他仍然是一个受人喜爱的拳击手。
4. 分词的独立结构
1) 分词作状语时,要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和谓语动词的主语一致。否则,分词必须有自己的主语,这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构,或叫独立主格。在句中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。例如:
The project finished, they had a two weeks leave.
完成那个计划后,他们休了两周假
体坛英语资讯:Kenyan runners eye breakthrough in their debut marathon in Amsterdam
体坛英语资讯:FC Barcelona confirm visit to China as part of 2019 Asian tour
The Falling Apple 掉落的苹果
国内英语资讯:Spotlight: Heads of intl organizations laud Chinas continuous commitment to opening up,
国内英语资讯:Reform, opening-up driving force for cross-Strait relations: senior official
体坛英语资讯:Croatia tie England 0-0 in UEFA Nations League
体坛英语资讯:Wang Jianjiahe grabs second gold in 200m freestyle
回忆是永恒的珍宝
体坛英语资讯:China, Netherlands, Serbia, Italy book tickets to semifinals of womens volleyball worlds
国际英语资讯:Interview: Egypt seeks to learn from Chinas expertise in sports economy, Olympics organiza
美国选民准备中期选举投票
国际英语资讯:Sri Lankan president to convene Parliament on Nov. 14 to solve political crisis
国际英语资讯:Portuguese president warns against military use for power games
国际英语资讯:UN Security Council working group visits South Sudan
西班牙首家女性酒店明年开业 迎合“仅限女性”潮流
国内英语资讯:China, Dominican Republic pledge to promote common development
国际英语资讯:Roundup: U.S. reimposes sanctions on Iran oil, banking industries amid Tehrans rejection
国际英语资讯:Belarusian president says no need to deploy foreign military bases in Belarus
国内英语资讯:Chinese vice president advocates common development at New Economy?Forum
美中外交与安全对话将于周五举行
默克尔宣布放弃连任 2021年将卸任总理
体坛英语资讯:Shaanxi just a foot away from Chinese second division league
体坛英语资讯:Japan aiming to topple European rivals in Youth Olympics futsal
国际英语资讯:Top U.S. diplomat visits Pakistan to discuss regional security, economic cooperation
国内英语资讯:Senior CPC official urges better supervision
世行报告称中国营商环境大幅改善 较去年提升30多位
国内英语资讯:Chinese vice premier stresses environmental protection
国际英语资讯:Elections in insurgent Ukrainian regions in line with Minsk agreements: Kremlin
国际英语资讯:S.Korea, DPRK, UN Command hold follow-up talks to disarm JSA in border area
国内英语资讯:China vows to enhance enterprise cooperation with Croatia
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |