职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练(8)

　　职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练

　　Vegetarian

　　A strict vegetarian is a person who never in his life eats anything derived fromanimals. The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body-building elements in food. If you have ever been without meat or animal foods for some days or weeks, say, for religious reasons, you will have noticed that you tend to get physically weak. You are glad when the fastis over and you get your reward of a great meat meal.

　　Proteins are built up from approximately twenty food elements called amino-acids, which are found more abundantly in animal protein than in vegetable protein.This means you have to eat a great deal more vegetable than animal food in order to get e-nough of these amino-acids. A great deal of the vegetable food goes to waste in this process and from the physiological point of view there is not much to be said in favor of life-long vegetarianism.

　　The economic side of the question, though, must be considered. Vegetable food is much cheaper than animal food. However, since only a small proportion of the vegetable protein is useful for body-building purposes, a consistent vegetarian, if he is to gain the necessary 70 grams of protein a day, has to consume a greater bulk of food than his digestive organs can comfortably deal with. In fairness, though, it must be pointed out that vegetarians claim they need far less than 70 grams of protein a day.

　　Whether or not vegetarianism should be advocated for adults, it is definitely unsatis- factory for growing children, who need more protein than they can get from vegetable sources.

　　There is a lacto-vegetariandiet which includes milk and milk products .Meat and cheese are the best sources of usable digestible protein and next come milk, fish and eggs. Slow and careful cooking of meat makes it more digestible and assists in the breaking, down of the protein content by the body. When cooking vegetables, however ,the vitamins, and in particular the water-soluble vitamin C, should not be lost through over-cooking.

　　31. A vegetarian is a person who

　　A. eats the meat of animals only

　　B. eats the vegetable only

　　C. drinks milks only

　　D. eat nothing at all

　　32. Compared with vegetable protein, animal protein contains

　　A. more proteins

　　B. more nutrients

　　C. more minerals

　　D. more amino-acids

　　33. The word lacto-vegetarian in Paragraph 4 means

　　A. very strict vegetarian

　　B. they eat fish

　　C. not strict vegetarian

　　D. non-vegetarian

　　34. From the passage, we know that

　　A. to gain enough protein, one must consume much more vegetable food than animal food

　　B. cooking vegetables for a long time makes it more digestible

　　C. milk is the best source of usable animal protein

　　D. the most common deficiencies in Western diets are those of vitamins

　　35. Which of the following best reflects the authors attitude?

　　A. Vegetarianism is good for ones health.

　　B. Vegetarianism should be advocated for adults.

　　C. One should have a well-balanced diet containing elements of all foods.

　　D. A lacto-vegetarian diet is the best as it provides adequate nutrition.

　　参考译文

　　素食者一个严格意义上的素食者一生中都不会吃哪怕一点儿来自于动物的食物。长远看来，素食者面对的主要问题在于他很难获取足够的蛋白质，这一来自于食物，用于躯体构建的必要元素。假设你曾经因为宗教原因而几天或几周都没有吃肉或动物性食品，那么你会感觉到身体虚弱。你会因为斋期的结束而欢呼雀跃，再美美地吃上一顿大餐。

　　蛋白质大约由20种叫氨基酸的元素构成，而动物蛋白质比植物蛋白质所含的氨基酸要多得多。这就意味着你必须吃比动物食品多得多的植物食品才能摄取足够的氨基酸。在此过程中，大量植物类食品被浪费了，而且从生理学角度来说，终身坚持信奉素食主义没有什么好处。

　　但是，我们还必须从经济学角度来对待这个问题。素食比肉食要便宜得多。但是，既然只有很少一部分植物蛋白对身体有用，那么对于一个坚定的素食主义者来说，他要获取每天必需的70克蛋白质的话，他必须要进食大量食物，这会让他的消化系统吃不消。反过来说，我们也要指出，素食主义者声称他们每天并不需要70克那么多的蛋白质。

　　不管在成人中提倡素食主义是否合理，素食肯定不能够满足正在发育的孩子，他们从素食中得不到足够的蛋白质。

　　有一种被称为乳酸素食的食谱，包括牛奶和奶制品。肉和奶酪是有用的和可消化的蛋白质的最好来源，接下来是牛奶、鱼和蛋。用文火慢慢烹饪能使肉类中的蛋白质更容易被消化，也有助于蛋白质被身体吸收。然而在烹调素食的时候，要注意不要烹饪过度，以免其中的维生素，特别是水溶性维C流失