职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练(21)

　　职称英语卫生类考试考前每日一练

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　　The advantages and disadvantages of large population have long been a subject of dis-cussion among economists. 46 . To feed a large population, inferior land must be culti-vated and the good land worked intensively. 47 . Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports, roads and. railways, 48 .

　　One of the difficulties in carrying out a; world wide. birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes, to population growth vary. from Country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, 49 In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. A decreasing birth rate may lead to unemployment 50 . When the :pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is

　　weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, the government of a developed coun-try may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population, rather than one which is stable or in decline.

　　A. which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them

　　B. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited

　　C. it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birth rate, whatev- er the consequences may be

　　D. Thus, each person produces less and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population

　　E. A small population may mean lower productivity, but a higher average income

　　F. because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods

　　参考译文

　　人口多的优点和缺点长时间以来就是经济学家们讨论的主题。一些人认为肥沃的土地是有限的，为了养活大量人口就必须开垦欠肥沃的土壤，并精耕细作肥沃的田地。因此人均产出就少，这就意味着人均收入不及人口少时的情况。另一些经济学家认为人口多促进了分工专门化，也使港口、道路、铁路之类的设施有了更多的发展空间，巨大的需求量是修建这些设施的正当理由。

　　在全球范围内实施控制出生人口的计划的困难之一是不同国家的政府对人口增长的态度是不一样的，这取决于国家的工业发展水平、食品和原材料的供应状况。在一个因人口数量膨胀对有限的食物、空间及自然资源造成很大压力的发展中国家，政府首要关心的是无论后果如何也要控制住人口出生率。在一个工业高度发达的社会，这一问题也许更复杂。人口出生率递减造成对市场货物需求减少，由此会引起失业。当人口对房子造成的压力减少时，房价也会降低，建筑业因此走向低谷。基于诸如此类的考虑，发达国家政府更愿看到人口缓慢增长，而不愿意看到人口不变或减少