词汇选择是职称英语中第一个考试项目,它考查大家在一定语境下对单词或短语的理解。从表面上,这是词汇的考题,实际上这是一种最简单的阅读理解题。这里要给大家澄清一个概念,任何一种语言的语义最小单位是句子,而不是词。但是词汇或短语的理解对于句子的理解起着重要的作用。
词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受到严重限制。一般大多数人认为背单词既吃力,又成效不大。实际上,若能采用适当的方法,不仅可以缩短扩大词汇量所需的时间,并且能提高记忆单词的质量。下面向大家推荐六种单词记忆法,仅供参考。
一、结合记忆法
将比较生疏,不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境句子中,结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时,若词义忘记,则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如:
slope
n.① 倾斜;坡度;斜度
There is always a certain slope in a ships deck. 船的甲板总有几分倾斜。
② 斜面;斜坡
We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我们爬了那座陡峭的斜坡。
vi. 倾斜
The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。
critical
adj.① 批评的,吹毛求疵的
I dont like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛求疵的人。
② 紧要的,关键的;危急的
His condition is reported as being very critical. 据报告他的情况非常危急。
通过此法来掌握词汇,既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读,又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和搭配,比孤立地背记单词效果要好。
二、同类记忆法
将同类词汇收集在一起,同时背记,效果会比较好。
注意,同类词汇与同义词不同:同义词是指意思相同,而同类词是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次,级别或范围不同的一类词汇。例如:headmaster和principal是同义词,都表示,中小学校长president和chancellor是同义词,都表示大专院校校长。这两组词是同类词汇,都表示校长,但具体级别不同,所以两组词不是同义词。
再如,bachelor(学士)、master(硕士),doctor(博士)三个词都表示学位授予的情况,但具体级别不同,所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。
这样,将同类词汇放在一起记忆,当遇到其中一个词时,头脑中出现的就是一组词,效率大大提高了。
三、比较记忆法
把同义词或形似词放在一起,加以区别。记忆的过程是一组组,一对对单词同时记忆。职称英语中有很大一部分都是对同义词或近义词的考察,需要平时进行记忆和积累。
例题1:The researchers have just completed a study of driving situations.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. started
B. finished
C. changed
D. made
答案:B
例题2:Michael is now merely a good friend.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. largely
B. possibly
C. just
D. rarely
答案:C
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