§ Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
●steamship n. 蒸汽轮船
●vessel n. 轮船，大木船
●era n. 时期，时代
●Java n. 爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）
●rudder n. 舵
●roll v. 颠簸，摇摆
●steer v. 掌握方向
●temporary adj. 临时的
●plank n. 大块木板
●fit v. 安装
●Equator n. 赤道
●delay n. 耽误
■impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的
This is a impressive thing.
impression n. 印象
make a lasting impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象
have a false impression of sb: 对某人有错误的看法
give sb impression that: 给某人印象
impress vt.
impress sb. 给某人留下印象
impress sb with sth 用…给某人留下印象
■steamship n. 蒸汽轮船
■vessel n. 轮船，大木船
vessel（正式的词汇）可代替ship,boat. 用于文学体
a sailing vessel, a fishing vessel
boat 比ship小，可以替换ship(非正式文体)
a fishing boat
■era n. 时期，时代
era: “纪元”， 地球、人类社会历史上的一个很长的时期，以特别事物或发展为标志
the beginning of new era
the end of old era
times:历史上的一个阶段”时代，时期”
in ancient times
in classic times
Roman times
age: 特定的历史阶段（大写，构成专有名词）
a stone age 石器时代
the space age 太空时代
This is a beganning of era
■Java n. 爪哇（印度尼西亚一岛）
■rudder n. 舵
■roll v. 颠簸，摇摆
■steer v. 掌握方向
steer: 驾驶水路交通工具，强调掌握方向，导航
drive: 开汽车，火车
pilot: 操纵轮船，飞机
He steers the boat suddenly.
He piloted his plane.
■temporary adj. 临时的
temporary jobs / house
temporarily adv.
temporariness n.
==transient:短暂的，瞬间的
反义：permanent: 永久的
contemporary: 当代 的
■plank n. 大块木板
■fit v. 安装
■Equator n. 赤道
■delay n. 耽误
【Text】
§ Lesson 25 The Cutty Sark “卡蒂萨克”号帆船
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
What piece of bad luck prevented the Cutty Sark from winning the race?
One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was danger that if she travelled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
参考译文
人们在格林威治仍可看到19世纪最有名的帆船之一“卡蒂萨克”号。它停在陆地上，每年接待成千上万的参观者。它给人们留下深刻的印象，使人们回忆起历史上的巨型帆船，在蒸汽船取代帆船之前。“卡蒂萨克”号之类的帆船被用来从中国运回茶叶，从澳大利亚运回羊毛。“卡蒂萨克”号是帆船制造史上建造的最快的一艘帆船。唯一可以与之一比高低的是“塞姆皮雷”号帆船。两船于1872年6月18日同时从上海启航驶往英国，途中展开了一场激烈的比赛。这场比赛持续了整整4个月，是这类比赛中的最后一次，它标志着帆船伟大传统的结束与一个新纪元的开始。
比赛开始后，“赛姆皮雷”号率先抵达爪哇岛。但在印度洋上，“卡萨萨克”号驶到了前面。看来，它首先返抵英国是确信无疑的了，但它却在比赛中连遭厄运。8月份“卡蒂萨克”号遭到一场特大风暴的袭击，失去了一只舵。船身左右摇晃，无法操纵。船员用备用的木板在船上赶制了一只应急用的舵，并克服重重困难将舵安装就位，这样一来，大大降低了船的航速。因为船不能开得太快，否则就有危险，应急舵也会被刮走。因为这个缘故，“卡蒂萨克”号落到了后面。跨越赤道后，船长将船停靠在一个港口，在那儿换了一只舵。但此时，“赛姆皮雷”号早已在500多英里之遥了。尽管换装新舵时分秒必争，但“卡蒂萨克”号已经不可能取胜了，它抵达英国时比“塞姆皮雷”号晚了1个星期。但考虑到路上的多次耽搁，这个成绩也已很不容易了。毫无疑问，如果中途没有失去舵， “卡帝萨克”号肯定能在比赛中轻易夺冠。
【课文讲解】
one of the most famous ...最著名的......之一
背熟：She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
dry land:陆地
背熟：She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past.
serve as:(=act as )“起…作用”
impressive reminder :深刻的印象，作为......的回忆
replace vt. ==take place of
stemship:汽船
sailing ship /sailing vessel: 帆船
match:( = be equal to )与......相匹敌，相比
match in / for
The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae.
动词不定式to作定语，修饰the only other ship
背诵：Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.
背诵：This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
which----指代this race, 引导非限定性定语从句
帆船：ships with sail, sailing ships, sailing vessels
marked the end of : 标志…的结束
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae,...
可改为：after the race had begun the first of the two ships to reach Java was the Thermopylae,...
take the lead: 处于领先地位== go into the lead
lose the lead: 失去领先地位
in the lead: 处于领先地位（状态）
take over the lead: 取得领先地位
she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
...was struck by a very heavy storm... 严重地遇到了雨／雪
be caught in the rian/snow 遇到了雨／雪
during 介词，用于关系代词which 之前，during the race, during the storm
torn away = destroyed , pull down
it became impossible to steer her (省略掉for captain)
there was a danger that+同位语从句 ……会有危险
the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted,
call in at: （船）停靠，（人）拜访
to = in order to, so as to “目的是”
have sth. done:
but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.
by now = so far
at tremendous speed:以极快的速度
considering 连接词，用来引导完整的语句
considering that考虑到………
So we should forgive him considering that he is ill badly.
There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
There is no doubt that...==without any doubt “毫无疑问“
There is some doubt + wh- ...
Eg.: There is no doubt that he is guilty.
There is some doubt whether he is guilty.
if ----与过去事实相反的虚拟
（二册L71 P320）：If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected.
If you talked less and ate more, we would both enjoy our dinner. (二册：L40 P182)
recite paragraph 2 :
she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away.
There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
take the lead
lose the lead
call in at
with great difficulty
at tremendous speed
It seemed certain that
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 The fame of the Cutty Sark rests mainly upon _____ .
a. the number of tourists who come to visit her annually
b. her likeness to other great sailing ships of the past
c. her being one of the last and one of the fastest of a line of great sailing ships
d. her victory in the race against the Thermopylae
fame:名声，名誉
rest upon= rest on
2 The race which took place between the Cutty Sark and the Thermopylae was _____ .
a. a landmark in the history of shipping
b. held to celebrate the invention of the steamship
c. held especially for sailing ships on the route from Shanghai to London
d. unusually slow because the Cutty Sark lost her ruddeer en route
landmark: 标志
3 During the race, the most remarkable feat of the Cutty Sark was _____ .
a. although last to reach Java, to take the lead on the Indian Ocean
b. the fact that she managed to sail into port without a rudder
c. the speed at which she was sailing while having a new rudder fitted
d. the speed at which she made up the gap between her and the Thermopylae
feat:功绩
Structure
4 The Cutty Sark _____ at Greenwich. (ll.1-2)
a. is still possible to see b. is able still to be seen
c. may still be seen d. is still possibly seen
5 Before _____ , vessels like the Cutty Sark were used ... (ll.4-5)
a. steamships replaced sail b. the steamship replaced the sailing ship
c. steamships replaced sailing d. the steam replaced the sail
a 选项steamships:汽船，sailing ships
sail: 航海，航行，风帆
冠词the和名词单数形式搭配表示一类东西
6 It seemed certain that she _____ the first ship home. (l.12)
a. would go to be b. would be going to be c. went d. was going to be
would和be going to 重复搭配
7 The Thermopylae arrived in England only a weak before _____ > (ll.19-20)
a. she did b. she was c. herself d. she had arrived
before引导时间状语从句
8 _____ her rudder, there is no doubt she would have won... (l.21)
a. That if she had not lost b. Not having lost
c. Were she not to lose d. had she not lost
if引导的虚拟条件句
Vocabulary
9 ----on dry land and _____ thousands of visitors each year. (ll.2-3)
a. appeals to b. attracts c. catches d. pulls
attract 吸引，The beautiful scenery attracts me.
appeal to 引起...兴趣， The topic of the conversatiuon never appeals to me.
10 On June 18th, 1872 both these ships _____ an exciting race from Shanghai to England. (l.8)
a. set out on b. departed for c. entered d. went for
set out :出发
set out on: 出发进行比赛
Eg: set out on the trip/journey/excursion
depart for 去往某处
11 On the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark went _____ the lead. (ll.11-12)
a. into b. on c. for d. after
原文：take the lead
go into the lead ==take the lead
12 Even this was remarkable, _____ the numerous delays. (ll.20-21)
a. in respect of b. according to c. in view of d. accounting
considering:考虑到
in respect of==with regard to 关于，至于
accouding to:依据
in view of 以…观点考虑到＝considering
account for
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. A 12. C