§ Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
◆pioneer n. 先驱
◆lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
◆Calais n. 加来（法国港市）
◆overland adj. 陆上的
★pioneer n. 先驱
young pioneer
同义词 advocate 倡导者
pioneer adult education
★lord n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
lordless 无郡主的
lordship
lordly 昂迈的
duke 公爵
marquis 侯爵
earl 伯爵
viscount 子爵
baron 男爵
★Calais n. 加来（法国港市）
★overland adj. 陆上的
overnight 一夜之间的
overpopulated 人口众多的
overseas 海外的
over + 动词 表示超过
Eg: overeat, 吃多了
oversleep 睡过头了
overwork 工作过量
overcharge 索要价钱过高
overestimate 过高估计
【Text】
§ Lesson 20 Pioneer pilots 飞行员的先驱
Q：What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV'. He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on the sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antonette'. It looks as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough. After making a short test flight at 4.15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.
【课文讲解】
背诵：In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of &1000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel.
the first man to fly across...
序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用中以代替其后的定语从句
She was the only one to survive the plane crash.
如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间，则最佳翻译方法：才。。。
offer a prize of sth(奖励) to sb 给予某人……奖励
Eg: He offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who fly cross the English Channel.
attempt in one's attempt
Eg: She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel.
make an attempt on 尝试，试图
make an attempt to do 尝试，试图
make no attept 没有……企图，尝试
at that moment
failed: break down
fail 失败，忽视
She failed to win the prize.
be forced to do 被迫做……
pick up
with a plane: with 具有、带有
had been making planes
背熟：A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles.
during which----during flight
It looked as if： 似乎，看起来
It looked as if there would be a heavy storm.
make a short test flight
make another attempt
介词和关系代词搭配连用，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面。（正式）
在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾
定语从句中介词位置
决定介词位置的4个因素:
1．如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略。
2．非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾。
3．有些动词+ 介词，合成词组被看成是不可分割的语言单位，这个时候介词必须紧跟动词，不可移动
take after account for
4．在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills
In the midst of two small hills, flowed a great river.
Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.(in the midst of跟后面的谓语动词flow没有任何关系)
Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
请完成难点中的练习题
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In Hubert Latham’s first attempt to fly the English Channel _____.
a. Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of ￡1,000
b. his engine failed with only seen miles togo before reaching Dover
c. his plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after take-off
d. both Latharm and his plane were rescued by a passing ship
1. C
2 When Bleriot made his successful crossing _____ .
a. he was flying a plane he had made in 1905
b. he had already flown overland the distance across the English Channel
c. he set out for Dover half an hour before Latham did
d. he was arrested as soon as he landed in England
2. B
3 Latham failed at his second attempt because _____ .
a. he did not get up early enough
b. he had to make another forced landing
c. he only got within half a mile of Dover
d. his plane had not been repaired properly
make another forced landing ----迫降
3． B
Structure
4 The first man _____ across the English Channel would receive Lord Northcliffe’s prize. (ll.1-2)
a. who was going to fly b. flying c. to fly d. having flown
序数词和不定式搭配连用
4． C
5 The first attempt _____ over a year later. (ll.2-3)
a. was not made till b. was made in c. was made after d. was made until
not till not until
5. A
6 He, too, _____ near Calais with a new ‘Antoinette’. (ll.10-11)
a. just arrived b. was just arriving c. had just arrived d. arrived just
6. C
当谓语动词有just修饰时，一般要使用完成时。
He has just left.
Eg: He, too, had just arrived near Calais with a new plane.
7 It _____ to be an exciting race across the Channel. (ll.11-12)
a. would promise b. would have promised c. was promising d. promised
7. D
promised : 有什么的可能，有发生的迹象——好
threat:凶兆
8 Latham made another attempt a week later. _____ he got within half a mile of Dover. (ll.14-15)
a. This time b. That time c. When d. Then
8．A
Vocabulary
9 He had travelled _____ seven miles when… (ll.5-6)
a. farther than b. no longer than c. no further than d. a space of
no further: 修饰距离
no longer: 修饰时间或长度
no more: 修饰某物
Eg: I can walk no further. 我再也走不动了。
He no longer livers here. 他不再住这儿了。
I can eat no more. 我再也吃不下任何东西了。
9． C
10 The ‘Antoinette’ _____ until Latham was picked up… (l.7)
a. held water b. was watertight c. stayed at sea d. rode the waves
10． D
rode the waves 在水面上漂浮， 冲浪前进
Eg: The ship rode the waves.
hold water: 论点，观点站得住脚，说得通(多用语疑问句和否定句)
Eg: What you said doesn't hold water.
watertight adj. 密封的，无懈可击的， watertight box 密封盒 ； a watertight plan 密封的计划
11 After making a short test flight, Bleriot set off at quarter _____ five. (ll.12-13)
a. to b. of c. before d. past
11． A
12 His _____ flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. (ll.13-14)
a. immense b. long c. grand d. remarkable
immense: 修饰面积大得难以测量
grand:宏伟的
12． D