§Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ◆suspension n. 悬，吊 ◆agreeable adj. 宜人的 ◆situation n. 地点，地方 ◆locate v. 位于 ◆immortal adj. 永生的，流芳百世的 ◆Brooklyn n. 布鲁克林（纽约一区名） ◆Staten n. 斯塔顿（岛） ◆span n. 跨度 ◆cable n 缆索 ◆concrete n. 混泥土 ◆suspend v. 悬挂 ◆length n. 根，段 ◆estimate v. 估计 ◆immensity n. 巨大 ◆capacity n. 承受量 ◆elegant adj. 优美别致的 ◆faintly adv. 微细地
★suspension n. 悬，吊 suspension bridge 吊桥 suspend: 悬挂 Eg.: The light is suspended from the ceiling. 暂停 Eg.: The train was suspended because of the heavy rain. suspense: n. 担心，挂念，悬念 Eg.: The wonderful film give me a deep impression because of its suspense. He didn’t tell us the truth in cap to me in suspense all day. suspenders 吊袜带
★agreeable adj. 宜人的 Today is agreeable. agreeable situation His house is in a agreeable situation.
★situation n. 地点，地方 location situate v. locate v. Beijing is located in the North of China. Japan is located to the East of China. is located to... ★locate v. 位于 ★immortal adj. 永生的，流芳百世的 ★Brooklyn n. 布鲁克林（纽约一区名） ★Staten n. 斯塔顿（岛） ★span n. 跨度 ★cable n 缆索 ★concrete n. 混泥土 ★suspend v. 悬挂 ★length n. 根，段 ★estimate v. 估计 underestimate 低估 overestimate 高估 Eg.: At a rough estimate, the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. estimation n. 判断 in my estimation
★immensity n. 巨大 ★capacity n. 承受量 Are you clear about the capacity of the cinema? 做某事的能力 have a capacity for doing sth. have a capacity to do ability成功地做到了 We have ability to finish the work in two days. capability内在的潜力 have capability to do have capability of doing Any chile has capability of learning a foreign launguge well. Any chile has capability to learn a foreign launguge well. faculty 侧重于“主观的能力” the faculty of seeing the faculty of hearing competence 胜任工作的能力、资格 I have competence for the job.
★elegant adj. 优美别致的 The lady is elegant. graceful: 强调一个人的体型 elegant: 还表示人的举止很得体，大方 delicate: 精致的
★faintly adv. 微细地
【Text】 §Lesson 17 The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长的吊桥 Q: How is the bridge supported?
Verrazano, an Italian about whom little is known, sailed into New York Harbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme. He described it as 'a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.' Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the greatest bridge in the world was named after him. The Verrazano Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms made of steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100 feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700 feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant, fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly as possible'.
【课文讲解】
sailed into.. ----句子的主干 about whom----Italian describe sth. as 把......描绘成......，认为 ...... 常见的动词有：see, view, look upon, recoginze, regard, treat, accept Eg.: I should describe the attempt as a failure. His mother regards him as genius. I accept his words as true.
located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river 位于两座小山之间，一条大河滔滔流过。 located... 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 situation; in the midst of which 引导一个定语从句，which指two small hills。句子结构要倒装（flowed 在a great river之前） in the midst of, 在......之中。 in the midst of two small hills flowed a great river A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills. in the middle of the night == at midnight in the middle of the winter in the middle of the summer I like the village located within two small hills. Eg.: 我们来到了一个农庄，在这个农庄的前面有一座大山。 We arrived at a farm house. in front of which is a mountain. 动词位于主语之前 though / although / even though 引导让步状语从句 用了though, although 不能使用but, yet可以用——强调转折关系。
by no means 决不，绝对不 （加强语气） E.: It is by no means pleasant to take a crowded bus.乘坐一辆拥挤的公交车无论如何不是一件令人高兴的事。 not by any means not at all He isn’t satisfied with a job at all. in no way in no case in no sense in no circumstances
remain immortal
be named after be named for take one’s name from
a span of: 跨度，桥长
take into account / take into consideration / take account of 考虑到 Eg.: We have to take the date into account when we have the meeting.
support : hold up 支撑
extend 延伸，伸展 a railway extends to the next city extend to a depth of 深度 extend to a length of 长度 extend to a width of 宽度 rise to 上升的高度
which指代先行词 cables
It has been estimated / expected that…据估计 It is said It is reported It has been estimated / expected
be packed with... 作“挤满......; 装满 ......”解 were 虚拟语气 carry 承载 a third 三分之一 immensity----size despite==in spite of fulfilling: 分词做状语表结果 The bus was held up by the snowstorm, causing the delay. her husband died in1970, leaving her with two children. At last he passed his examination, fulfilling his dream to go abroad. 他终于通过了这次考试，实现了出国的梦想（现在分词做结果状语，表示一种主动的概念。）
【Special difficulties】 P80
He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.(ll.4-5) 动词不定式（compare ISD 84）(对比第二册第84课难点) Instead of saying: I find that he is quite unsuitable for the job. We can say: I find him to be quite unsuitable for the job. find sb. to be 好多动词后面既可以跟宾语从句，又可以和动词不定式to 搭配连用，其意义无差别。常见的动词如下： believe, consider, find, declare, feel, know, suppose, think, presume, estimate, understand Eg.: I consider that he is the best candidate. I consider him to be the best coadidate. We estimated that this picture is worth at least 500 pounds. We estimated this picture to be worth at least 500 pounds.
【Multiple choice questions】P80 Comprehension 1 Verrazano’s name will probably remain immortal because _____ . a. it was after he discovered New York Harbour that a bridge was built b. he named the river that the new bridge crosses c. he was an explored of considerable means d. it has been given to the world’s longest suspension bridge 1. D the longest suspension bridge was named after Verrazaro.
2 The Verrazano Bridge was built with so wide a span because _____ . a. it had to cover a wide stretch of water b. of the unusual shape of the earth around Brooklyn and Staten Island c. the water that lies between Brooklyn and Staten Island is very deep d. the number of wires in each cable is so great 2. A a wide stretch of water 连续不断的水域
3 In designing the Verrazano Bridge, Othmar Ammann _____ . a. had to account for the curvature of the earth’s surface b. spent over a year building the platforms that form the bridge’s base c. had to consider the number of vehicles that might cross the bridge as much as possible. d. wished to reduce the size of the bridge as much as possible 3． A The bridge is so long that the shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer. account for 考虑 take account of / take into account curvature 弯曲度
Structure 4 He described it _____ situated. (ll.2-3) a. as being very agreably b. was very agreeable to be c. very agreeably having been d. very agreeably as being describe sth. as 4. A situatied 动词过去分词接受agreeably的限定
5 The Verrazano Bridge, _____ the design of Othmar Ammann. (l.8) a. is b. was c. were d. has been 5． A
6 The length of the bridge is _____ the shae of the earth. (ll.9-10) a. so that b. such that c. that which d. thus 6. B 强调桥梁的长度就是如此，所以地球的形状被考虑 such that
7 The towers are built on _____ which are sunk beneath the water. (ll.0-11) a. ferro-concrete immense platforms b. immense made offerro-concrete latforms c. and made of ferro-concrete immense latforms d. imense ferro-concrete platforms 重点突出 platforms 7. D 不能用连接词and immense adj. 描述性形容词用于物质名词的前面
8 Even if the bridge were packed with cars, it could still _____ three times the load. (ll.14-15) a. be carrying b. be able to carry c. only carry d. carry tho load: the total capacity can 不能与 be able to 搭配连用 can +动词原形，表示一般的能力 8． D
Vocabulary 9 ‘a very agreeable situation with two small hills lying _____ .’ (ll.3-4) a. on either side b. on every side c. besides d. side by side 9． A either表示两者中的每一方的
He sat in the car with a policeman on either side of him. on either side of the street either adj. 修饰名词的单数形式 both adj. 修饰名词的复数形式 every adj. 用于三者或三者以上， all in every direction / in all directions
side by side 肩并肩的，并排 The two bottles stood sid by side on the table. walk side by side
10 The Verrazano Bridge _____ Brooklyn with Staten Island. (l.8) a. attaches b. unifies c. links d. relates 10. C link with / join to attach to 把......牢牢地系上 She attached a check to the order form. relate to (with) 表示在......之间建立联系 I can’t relate what you say happened with what I saw.
11 A bridge which is hung from cables is known as a _____ bridge. (ll.12-13) a. susended b. suspense c. susension d. suspender 11. C suspension bridge 吊桥 suspended 推迟的，延期的 The judge gave him a suspended sentence. 法官判了他缓刑。 suspense 担心，不安，悬念 The competitors in the beauty contest were kept in suspense waiting for the result. suspender 吊索，吊袜带
12 If the bridge were loaded with as many cars as it could _____, it would still…(ll.14-5) a. sustain b.endure c. receive d. take 12． D take 容纳，装载 The tank will take about twelve gallons. sustain 支撑，承受住 I don’t think this floor will sustain the weight of the grand piano. endure 经受，承受痛苦、苦难