新概念英语第二册76-01

Lesson 64
The Channel Tunnel
海峡隧道

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why was the first tunnel not completed?

In 1858, a French engineer, Aime Thome de Gamond, arrived in England with a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel under the English Channel. He said that it would be possible to build a platform in the centre of the Channel. This platform would serve as a port and a railway station. The tunnel would be well-ventilated if tall chimneys were built above sea level. In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low. He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built. This would solve the problem of ventilation, for if a train entered this tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it. Forty-two years later a tunnel was actually begun. If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. The world had to wait almost another 100 years for the Channel Tunnel. It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.

New words and expressions 生词和短语

tunnel n. 隧道
port n. 港口
ventilate v. 通风
chimney n. 烟囱
sea level 海平面
double adj. 双的
ventilation n. 通风
fear v. 害怕
invasion n. 入侵，侵略
officially adv. 正式地
connect v. 连接
European adj. 欧洲的
continent n. 大陆

参考译文

1858年，一位名叫埃梅.托梅.德.干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海陕的隧道计划到了英国。他说，可以在隧道中央建造一座平台，这座平台将用作码头和火车站。如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管，隧道就具备了良好的通风条件。1860年，一位名叫威廉.洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。他提议建一条双轨隧道，这样就解决了通风问题。因为如果有列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道。42年以后，隧道实际已经开始建了。如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早已建成了。世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工。它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★tunnel n 隧道

channel 海峡 / The Channel : 英吉利海峡

★port n 港口

airport航空港

★ventilate v 通风

air: air the room, please给房间通通风

★chimney n 烟囱

★sea level 海平面

★double adj双的

DINK: double income, no kid.

字母W 的读音就是: “double u” 意为两个u 构成 w .

couple/pair两个

a couple of weeks

a pair of shoes/socks/glasses 一副眼镜

★ventilation n 通风

Forced Ventilation强制排风系统

force n.力量, 武力, 精力, 魄力, 势力, 暴力, [复]军队, 影响力 vt.强制, 强加, (用武力)夺取, 促使, 推动, 施加压力

forced adj.被迫的, 强迫的, 动用武力的

★fear v 害怕

fright / frighten / frightening / frightened / frightful

be afraid of / fear是习惯性的/人做主语

frighten / scare是因某件突然的事情才让你产生了害怕的情绪/句子后边的部分是人

sb fear sth: I feared darkness. / I fear dogs.

be afraid of : I am afraid of dogs.

be afraid that : can you help me? I am afraid I can't(恐怕) / I am afraid not. 等同于 I am sorry.

sth frighten sb. / sth scare sb : you frightened/scared me.

The doy frightened me. / the film scared me.

horrify v.使恐怖, 使极度厌恶, 惊骇

horrified adj.惊悸的, 带有恐怖感的, 惊骇的

★invasion n 入侵, 侵略

invade vt.侵略, 侵袭, 拥挤

invade – invasion / decide – decision

★officially adv 正式地

official(官方的正式) / formally(一般的正式)

office – official

★connect v 连接

connect sth with/to

connect A with B (A和B平等) / connect A to B (A连到B上去)

★European adj 欧洲的

★continent n 大陆

European Continent: 欧洲大陆

【课文讲解】

read the text : 1 in 1858 2 in 1860 3 forty-two years later 4 1994

描速一件事物的要素 :

who/do/what/how/why

In 1858, a French engineer arrived in England with a plan.

plan for

twenty-one-mile 加连字符, 用单数, 是定语

He said

It 代表: to build a platform in the centre of the channel. 作形式主语

serve as作为......来服务, 起......作用

it will serve as a swimming pool

above : 在海拔上高

put forward(plan/suggestion)提出

suggest有两个意思

① 作为 “暗示” 意思时, 用法与其他的词相同

② 作为 “建议” 意思时, 则为虚拟语气, 后接动词是要用-ing形式, 后接that从句采用一种固定的用法: should+动词原形, should 可省略

insist 用法作坚持用时同suggest

文中: He suggested that a double railway tunnel should be built.

I suggested (that) he (should) go home. (that, should 都可省略)

又如: He suggested that I should go with him. 他建议我一定要跟他去.

He insisted that I should stay to lunch. 他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.

For : 因为

draw in吸进

如用bring没有 drow in 形象,贴切

at the time

the British : 英国人

虚拟语气(非真实条件句)

1、与现在事实相反

2、与过去事实相反

其从句的使用 :

1、与现在事实相反, 用一般过去时

2、与过去事实相反, 用过去完成时, 此时主句格式为would have done

would/could/should 都可以

must have done对过去的推测

can't have done对过去的推测

情态动词加have done 表示对过去的推测

wait for

wait for five minutes

I have waited five minutes. (for 可不要)

I have waited for you for five minutes.

I have waited five years for you.

Connect ...to...

非谓语动词中的ing形式

1、表示其与主语是主动的关系

2、表示动作正在发生

非谓语动词中的ed形式表示其与主语是被动的关系

【Key structures】 关键句型

1、虚拟语气 与过去事实相反

特殊结构 : suggest/insist, 后接that从句(should+动词原形)

Exercise C Give the correct form of the verbs in parentheses: 用正确的动词填空 :

1 If you had told me about it earlier, I________(be able) to help you.

2 If you_______(can/come) with us, we would have been pleased.

3 You_________(not make) such a mistake if you had been more careful.

4 If father_______(be) alive, he would be horrified.

5 If it_______(be) fine tomorrow, we shall go for a swim.

1 would have been able

2 would have done 跟过去事实相反,从句会使用had done

could have done, 情态动词后面一旦加了have done 表示跟过去有关

3 would not have made

4 were : 虚拟语气与现在事实相反,从句使用一般过去时,与一般现在时相反的be 动词,用were代替

if I were you

5 is 真实条件句

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3 It would be possible to build a platform. A platform _______.

(a)could build (b)would be built (c)could be built (d) would build

possible

could : 可能 / would : 表示将来要做

answer : C

11 It finally connects Britain and Europe. Britain and Europe are finally _______.

(a)mixed (b)joined together (c)rejoined (d)combined

mix : 混合

join : 连接(加入), 强调使成为其中一员

rejoin : 再次加入

combine : 合并

combine [] v.(使)联合, (使)结合 n.联合企业, 联合收割机 n.联合收割机

connect : 强调连接

answer : b

9 A plan was put forward by William Low. He _______it.

(a)suggested (b)intended (c)aimed at (d)planned

put forword : 提出

intend to do

aim at : 目标是什么

plan : 计划

suggest : 建议

suggest + doing/that,

suggest + 名词或代词

【Special difficulties】 难点

Exercise练习 Choose the correct words in the following sentences: 选择正确的词 :

1 We shall have to draw(in)(up) a new plan.

2 When I recognized who he was I drew(back)(up)in horror.

3 The car drew(back)(up) outside the cinema.

1 draw up签署 / 2 draw back倒退 / 3 draw up＝stop :停止,停下来

【Summary writing】摘要写作

Answer these questions in not more than 85 words. 回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过85个单词.

1 Who planned to build a tunnel under the English Channel in 1858? How would it be ventilated? (The tunnel, which...)

2 Who suggested a better plan two years later?

3 How would passing trains solve the problem of ventilation in his proposed double railway－tunnel? (because they would)

4 Did work begin forty－two years later or not? Why was it stopped? (Though...because)

5 When was the Channel Tunnel officially opened? (However)

1 The tunnel will(would) be ventilated, a French engineer planned to build in 1858.

The tunnel which a French engineer planned to build in 1858 would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

先行词, which : 非限定性定语从句

The tunnel, which a French engineer planned to build in 1858, would be ventilated if tall chimmeys were built above sea level.

3 though...because...

because the British had feared invasion.

It was stopped because the British had feared invasion.

Though it was begun (work begin forty-two years later), it was stopped because...

5 However 起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子

【Composition】 作文

Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses:

用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :

1 The English Channel separates Britain from Europe. The country has not been invaded since1066. (Thanks to...which)

2 Modern warfare is far more complex. Such fears no longer exist.(However, now that...)

3 Britain benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. Europe benefits enormously from a Channel Tunnel. (Both...and)

1 Thanks to : 幸亏(to是介词) / because of : 由于

Thanks to the English Channel which separates British from Europe, the...

2 now that : 即使 (既然)

Howwever, now that moden warfare is far more complex ,such fears no longer exist.

即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了

3 Both...and...

Both Britain and Europe benefit... (注意benefit不能加s)

benefit n.利益, 好处 vt.有益于, 有助于 vi.受益