【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★control n 控制
control sth. (v) : 控制
I can control it.
I can manage it. 我能对付(口语)
介词短语 :
in control : 在控制之内
under control : 在控制之下,被控制
out of control : 失控
arrest : 逮捕
under arrest : (n) 被逮捕
★smoke n 烟
smoke : 吸烟
Don't smoke! / No smoking!
cigarette,cigar:(n)香烟
smoke : (n) 烟雾
full of smoke : 充满烟雾
名词加-y, 变为形容词: rain – rainy / cloud - cloudy
smokey : (a.)多烟的
smoking area; smoking room 吸烟室 / smoking apartment 火车上的吸烟车厢
smokey area : 吸烟区 / nonsmokey area : 禁烟区
heavy smoker : 烟瘾重的人 / nonsmoker : 不抽烟的人 / He smoked heavily.
★desolate adj 荒凉的
lonely [] adj : 孤独的, 荒凉的, 偏僻的
(与地方连表示孤零零的,但并不表示无人居住)
desolate : 荒凉的, 极度孤独的(与人相连时)
desolate+地方－－无人居住, 荒无人烟的
★threaten v 威胁的
threaten to do : 威胁着要做...
threaten sb with sth : 以什么来威胁某人
It threatened to rain有迹象表明天要下雨了
★surrounding adj周围的
surroundings n : 环境(在周边的事物)
atmosphere n : 大气层, 氛围(在周边的人文环境)
★destruction n 破坏, 毁灭
destroy(v) : 破坏
destructive (adj) : 毁灭性的
construction (n) : 建设, 建筑 / construction bank 建设银行
build : 建设(具体的建某物)
construct (v) : 建设(为...创造更好的条件)
constructive (adj) : 建设性的(意见)
★flood n 洪水, 水灾
flood / floods 都对,都可以用,无区别
★authority n (常用复数)当局
authorities : 当局(应为复数) / authority : 权威(单数)
★grass-seed n 草籽
★spray v 喷撒
spray sth over/on往什么上喷洒
spray water over/on flower
spray grass-seed over/on the ground
★quantity n 量
quality : 质量
quantity : 数量
sth with good quality : 具有好质量的东西
quantities of : 大量的
★root n 根
root of...的根
what is the root cause? 根本原因
take root : 生根
come out : 长出来 / flower come out : 开花
shoot : 芽
shoot n.射击, 发射, 摄影, 急流 vt.射击, 投射, 伸出, 拍摄, 用完, 挥出, 给...注射, 使爆炸 vi.射出, 射击, 发出, 发芽, 射门, 拍电影
get out : 出去
★century n 世纪
★patch n 小片
a patch of : 一小片 / a piece of / a bit of / a sheet of
patches of : 许多片
piece : 片, 块
patch(平面上的)一片, 补丁(本意)
★blacken v 变黑, 发暗
-en --表示动词, 使...变得...
weak虚弱的
weaken使...变弱, 削弱
复合词 : fireman
派生词 : (前缀, 后缀)
-tion --名词后缀
- less --形容词后缀 : careless 粗心的
【课文讲解】
firemen had been fighting the forest fire.
fight sth : 和...作搏斗
get+宾语+介词短语－－作宾补: get the room in order. (get : 使)
for miles around方圆几英里
a short time before--从过去某一点时间算起, 一段时间以前
a short time ago--从现在算起, 一段时间以前
a short time before和a short time ago都可以放在段时间之后
rose up(from) : 升上来
over the desolate hills:(烟、雾)弥漫
winter was coming on: 冬季即将来临 (季节的来临的通用表达式)
threaten sb. with sth. : 有...迹象
serious: 严重的
put out 扑灭
order 定购
several tons of a special type of grass－seed.
Type : 强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类,与kind有区别
in huge quantities--介词短语作状语, “大量的"
was sprayed over the ground : 被动语态
take root: 生根
in place of : 替代 (只能指代位置、空间,原来放的东西现在不在了)
instead of : 替代+没做的事
instead of staying home, I went to school. 此句就不能用 “in place of”, 而指地点空间时, 既可以用 “in place of” 也可以用 “instead of” .
In place of a cup , I put a vase there.
green n : 绿地,草地
【Key structures】关键句型
过去完成时: 这个动作在过去的过去
过去完成进行时: 这个动作非但从过去的过去开始,而且是延续的
【Special Difficulties】 难点 :
control : 控制
check : 检查, 核对
great : 大的(强调重要性)
big大的(强调面积, 体积上的)
soil : 泥土(能让植物生长的)
ground: 地表,地面(与土壤无关)
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
6 The planes _______nearly a month to plant the seed.
a. did b. made c.took d. had
花费 : 如果人作主语用spend
用时间表达用take
9 Large ________of seed were used.
a. weights b. measures c. tons d. amounts
weights / weight 重量
measures 测量
tons吨 : several tons
amounts : large amounts 大量的, 修饰不可数名词
11 Patches of green had begun to appear. There was green grass ________.
a. every where b. only in one or two places
c. in one place d. here and there
patches许多快
everywhere每一寸土地上都长着东西
here and there 这一块, 那一块, 很多快, 不一定是每一寸
【Summary writing】摘要写作
Answer these questions in not more than75 words.回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过75个单词.
1 How long did it take the firemen to get the forest fire under control?
2 Had all the great trees been burnt or not? Was there danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods or not? Would the floods destroy the surrounding villages or not?(Now that... which)
3 Did the forest authorities order grass-seed to prevent this or not ? For how long was it sprayed over the ground by planes?(To prevent this...which...)
4 Did it begin to rain or not? Where had the grass taken root? (By the time that...)
2 now that既然 / which : 定语从句
Now that all the great trees had been burnt, there was danger that heavy rain would cause serious floods which destroy the surrounding villages.
3 to prevent...: 为了预防...
To prevent this the forest authorities ordered grass-seed which was sprayed over the ground by planes for nearly a month.
4 by the time(that)到...时候为止 (that可以省略),应理解为 “before”
by the time it began to rain, the grass had taken root in the soil.