[by:英语听力网|http://yingyu.chazidian.com||查字典英语网] [00:00.00]喜欢chazidian.com，就把chazidian.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Lesson 36 The cost of government [00:02.65]政府的开支 [00:05.30]First listen and then answer the following question. [00:07.68]听录音,然后回答以下问题. [00:10.06]What's the most important factor,both in government or business, [00:13.23]无论是政府还是企业, [00:16.40]for keeping running costs low? [00:18.59]保持运行费用较低的最重要因素是什么? [00:20.77]If a nation is essentialy disunited, [00:22.99]如果一个国家实际上处于分裂状态, [00:25.21]it is left to the government to hold it together. [00:27.43]使之联合起来就是政府的事了. [00:29.65]This increases the expense of government, [00:31.83]这样一来就增加了政府的开支, [00:34.01]and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources [00:37.09]从而相应地减少了 [00:40.18]that could be used for developing the country [00:42.50]可以用来发展国家的那部分经济资源. [00:44.83]And it should not be forgotten [00:46.60]不应忘记, [00:48.38]how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. [00:51.36]在一个贫穷落后的国家里那部分财力是很有限的. [00:54.33]Where the cost of government is high, [00:56.16]凡是政府管理费用高的地方, [00:57.99]resources for development are correspondingly low. [01:00.67]用于发展国家经济的资金就会相应地减少. [01:03.35]This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation [01:06.22]把国家的状况 [01:09.09]with that of a private business enterprise. [01:11.33]同私人企业的状况加以比较,就可以看清这个问题. [01:13.56]An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. [01:17.34]一个企业为了继续经营,不得不支出一定的费用和开销. [01:21.11]For our purposes,we are concerned only with one kind of cost [01:24.35]就我们的目的而言,我们只关心一种费用 [01:27.59]the cost of managing and administering the business. [01:30.41]企业行政管理费. [01:33.23]Such administrative overheads in a business [01:35.71]一家企业的这种行政管理开支 [01:38.19]are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. [01:40.82]类似于一个国家的政府管理所用的开支. [01:43.44]The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent are low [01:46.23]企业的管理费用会降低到相应的程度 [01:49.01]to the extent that everyone working in the business [01:51.24]如果企业中的每个人都在真诚地 [01:53.48]can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. [01:57.00]为提高企业利润而工作的话. [02:00.53]If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, [02:03.36]如果企业的每个人都信得过,人人都认真负责, [02:06.20]and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, [02:09.37]在各自的工作范围内发挥主动性, [02:12.55]then administrative overheads will be low. [02:15.13]行政管理费用就会降低. [02:17.72]It will be low because [02:19.25]行政管理费用降低的原因是: [02:20.77]it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job [02:24.16]每项工作只需一个人去完成, [02:27.54]without having another man to check upon what he is doing, [02:30.06]用不着另外再有一个人检查他的工作, [02:32.58]keep him in line,and report on him to someone else. [02:35.47]督促他遵守章程,或向有关人士汇报他的工作. [02:38.35]But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal [02:44.31]and responsible manner towards his job [02:46.37]但是,如果企业中谁也不可信赖会对工作尽忠守职 [02:48.44]then the business will require armies of administrators, [02:51.26]那么企业就会需要大批的管理人员、 [02:54.08]checkers and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. [02:57.80]检查人员和带班人员,管理费用就会相应地增加 [03:01.52]As administrative overheads rise, [03:03.71]管理费用增加了, [03:05.89]so the earnings of the business after meeting the expense of administration, [03:09.17]那么在扣除管理费用后,企业的收入就降低了. [03:12.44]will fall;and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends [03:16.13]因而用于分红的金额 [03:19.81]or invest directly in its future progress and development. [03:22.45]或直接用于将来开拓和发展的投资就相应地减少了 [03:25.09]It is precisely the same with a nation. [03:27.31]一个国家的情况也完全相同. [03:29.53]To the extent that the people can be relied on