[by:英语听力网|http://yingyu.chazidian.com||查字典英语网] [00:00.00]喜欢chazidian.com，就把chazidian.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Lesson 6 The sporting spirit [00:02.49]体育的精神 [00:04.99]First listen and then answer the following question. [00:07.42]听录音,然后回答问题. [00:09.85]How does the writer describe sport at the international level? [00:12.97]作者是怎样描述国际体育运动的? [00:16.09]I am always amazed when I hear people saying [00:18.36]我总是惊愕于人们说 [00:20.64]that sport creates goodwill between the nations, [00:23.22]体育运动可创造国家之间的友谊, [00:25.81]and that if only the common peoples of the world [00:28.38]还说各国民众 [00:30.96]could meet one another at football or cricket, [00:33.33]若在足球场或板球场上交锋, [00:35.71]they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. [00:38.60]就不愿在战场上残杀. [00:41.48]Even if one didn't know from concrete examples [00:44.16]一个人即使不能从具体的事例了解到 [00:46.84](the 1936 Olympic Games,for instance) [00:49.16](例如1936年的奥林匹克运动会) [00:51.49]that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, [00:55.03]国际运动比赛会导致疯狂的仇恨, [00:58.57]one could deduce it from general principles. [01:01.09]也可以从常理中推断出结论. [01:03.61]Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. [01:06.39]现在开展的体育运动几乎都是竞争性的. [01:09.17]You play to win,and the game has little meaning [01:11.80]参加比赛就是为了取胜.如果不拚命去赢, [01:14.42]unless you do your utmost to win. [01:16.30]比赛就没有什么意义了. [01:18.18]On the village green, [01:19.76]在乡间的草坪上, [01:21.35]where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, [01:24.73]当你随意组成两个队,并且不涉及任何地方情绪时 [01:28.11]it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: [01:30.98]那才有可能是单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛. [01:33.86]but as soon as the question of prestige arises, [01:36.54]可是一旦涉及到荣誉问题 [01:39.21]as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, [01:42.94]一旦你想到你和某一团体会因你输了而丢脸时, [01:46.66]the most savage combative instincts are aroused. [01:49.39]那么最野蛮的争斗天性便会被激发起来. [01:52.12]Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. [01:55.10]即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛的人也有这种体会. [01:58.07]At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. [02:01.35]在国际比赛中,体育简直是一场模拟战争. [02:04.63]But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players [02:07.66]但是,要紧的还不是运动员的行为, [02:10.69]but the attitude of the spectators and,behind the spectators,of the nations [02:15.01]而是观众的态度,以及观众身后的参赛国家, [02:19.34]who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests [02:22.52]它们对这些荒唐比赛如痴如狂, [02:25.71]and seriously believe --at any rate for short periods [02:29.04]甚至煞有介事地相信--至少在短期内如此-- [02:32.37]--that running,jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue. [02:36.34]跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质的检验. [02:40.31]Lesson 7 Bats [02:43.64]蝙蝠 [02:46.97]First listen and then answer the following question. [02:49.35]听录音,然后回答以下问题. [02:51.73]In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role? [02:55.61]蝙蝠的回声定位在哪些方面有重大实用价值? [02:59.49]Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, [03:02.01]动物发出的声音不都是用作语言交际, [03:04.53]and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats [03:08.30]我们只要看一看蝙蝠回声定位这一极不寻常的发现 [03:12.08]to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. [03:15.55]就可以探究一下声音在什么情况下有绝对的实用价值. [03:19.03]To get a full appreciation of what this means [03:21.51]要透彻理解这句话的意义, [03:23.99]we must turn first to some recent human inventions. [03:26.72]我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明. [03:29.45]Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, [03:32.99]大家都知道,在墙壁或山腰附近发出喊声, [03:36.53]an echo will come back. [03:38.31]就会听到回声. [03:40.08]The further off this solid obstruction, [03:42.26]固体障碍物越远,