南开中学 李士明
合成词也称复合词,顾名思义,就是由两个或两个以上的词合在一起构成的词,可分别用做形容词或副词。合成词从表面结构上看不拘一格,种类繁多,无论记忆还是使用都十分困难,那么我们除了简单记忆这些词是由哪些词构成之外,还有没有举一反三的规律可循呢?下面我们将一一道来。
I. 复合形容词 (COMPOUND ADJECTIVES)
1. 含有分词的复合形容词
复合形容词中的现在分词与过去分词均源于定语从句中的谓语动词。
例如:
●Australia is a country which speaks English. (country 由定语从句修饰)
澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。
Australia is a country speaking English. (country 由现在分词短语修饰)
Australia is an English-speaking country. (country 由复合形容词修饰)
以上三个句子中,我们分别用了三种不同的方法修饰country,三种不同的修饰语与country的逻辑关系都是country speaks English,因为country是动作speak的发出者,按照修饰动作发出者用现在分词的原则,合成词应该使用English-speaking。然而短语spoken English (英语口语)是不同的,这个短语中被修饰词English是动作speak的承受者,因此,用过去分词spoken, 以上两种不同的逻辑关系必须分清。
我们再来看几个例子:
●earthshaking changes = changes which shake the earth
翻天覆地的变化(changes 是动作shake的发出者)
UN peacekeeping forces=forces which keep peace
联合国维和部队(forces 是动作keep的发出者)
record-breaking destroy=destroy which breaks record 破记录的毁坏
peace-loving people= people who love peace爱好和平的
epoch-making decision=decision which makes epoch开新纪元的/划时代的决策
fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语
soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料
good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂的男士
hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生
far-reaching influence=influence which reaches far广泛深远的影响
easygoing person=person who goes easy 随和容易相处的人
well-being children=children who are well 健康的孩子
state-owned enterprises=enterprises which are owned by state国有企业
hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品
heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢
fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业
highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家
newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者
well-known university=university which is known very well著名的大学
ready-made clothes=clothes which are made and ready to be used做好的, 现成的衣服
self-employed person=person who is employed by oneself非受雇于人的,从事个体职业的人
snow-covered fields=feilds which are covered by snow白雪覆盖的田野
newly-built airport=airport which is built newly新建的飞机场
从以上例子可以看出,要了解和掌握含有分词的复合形容词,首先必须了解正确使用及物动词的现在分词和过去分词的关键:
① 准确了解及物动词的分词与所修饰的名词关系,修饰动作发出者用现在分词表示主动,修饰动作承受者用过去分词表示被动。
② 准确了解不及物动词的所用时态,用现在分词表示主动含义或动作正在进行,用过去分词表示动作业已完成。
上一篇: 高考英语常见动词短语积累归纳总结
国际英语资讯:Venezuelan opposition lays out ground rules for new political dialogues
国内英语资讯:China blazes a trail for human rights progress with Chinese characteristics: official
国际英语资讯:iPhone: industrial design legend for 10 years
上头!我被《野狼disco》洗脑了怎么肥四?
体坛英语资讯:Ingmar De Vos elected IOC member
Communicate With the Kid 和孩子交流
Is binge-watching the new addiction? 连续“刷剧”成为现代人新瘾
体坛英语资讯:Lyon edge Guingamp, Marseille fall short to Rennes in Ligue 1
体坛英语资讯:3,000 runners compete in 11th Sarajevo Half Marathon
国际英语资讯:News Analysis: Continued uncertainty over Brexit raises concerns over impact on Dutch econom
国际英语资讯:U.S. poverty declines sharply in recent decades: study
有钱任性!硅谷高管输入年轻血液抗衰老
国际英语资讯:Russia says Syrian govt troops controls 85 pct of country
体坛英语资讯:Chinese cyclist wins 2019 China-Myanmar Mountain Bike Challenge
欢快的音乐能够激发创造性
体坛英语资讯:Egypt signs on to host 2021 World Mens Handball Championship
My Happiness 我的快乐
你能凭借一张背影照认出这些大明星吗?
国内英语资讯:Interview: Chinese premiers visit to further deepen Thailand-China ties, says Thai PM
体坛英语资讯:Report: Ancelotti leaving Bayern in 2018
国内英语资讯:Chinese premier calls for intensified SCO cooperation
体坛英语资讯:Ecuador sack coach Quinteros
国内英语资讯:CPC session important in improving Chinas capacity of governance: Australian scholars
国内英语资讯:China takes path of development suitable to domestic conditions, say experts
国际英语资讯:UN chief rings alarm over rise in attacks, threats against journalists
体坛英语资讯:Key game as Real Madrid visit San Sebastian
体坛英语资讯:Ronaldo back to steer Real Madrid to comfortable win in Champions League
体坛英语资讯:Gong retains shot put title in Doha
A Good Teacher 一位好老师
Bats 'tricked' into flying into buildings 蝙蝠“上当”撞上建筑物