第5章数词
表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。数词分为基数词、序数词、小数、分数和百分数五种。基数词、小数、分数和百分数表示数目或数量的多少,如one,two,three,20%,5.25等。序数词表示顺序和等级,如first,ninth,fifth,twenty-eighth等。数词与不定代词用法很相似,其功能相当于名词或形容词。数词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语等成分。
基数词
1.基数词的构成
基本基数词共31个,其中100以下的27个,100以上的4个。如下所示:
100以下的基本基数词:
1~10
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11~19
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20~90
20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50 fifty
60 sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100以上的基本基数词:
100 a/one hundred
1,000 a/one thousand
1,000,000 a/one million
1,000,000,000 a/one billion(美)a/one thousand million(英)
(1)13~19数字的表达
13~19的数字皆以-teen[-ti:n]结尾,其中,fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen和nineteen分别由four,six,seven,eight,nine加后缀-teen变成,eighteen中只保留一个t。thirteen,fifteen分别由three和five转化而来。
(2)20~90数字的表达
20~90的数字皆以-ty结尾,其中,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety分别由six,seven,eight和nine加后缀-ty变成,eighty中只保留一个t。
21~99之间的各数字须在十位与个位之间加连字符号-,如: thirty-nine。
注意:
在读音时,注意百位和十位之间、百位和个位之间要加连接词and。134,056,486应读作one hundred and thirty-four million,fifty-six thousand,four hundred and eighty-six。104读作one hundred and four。
(3)万的表达
英语中表示万时,用10千。forty thousand 四万。表示亿时需用一千个百万表示。two thousand million 两亿。
(4)其他注意事项
1000以上的数字,从后向前数,每三位加,第一个,前为thousand,第二个,前为million,第三个,前为one thousand million,或one billion(美国) ,然后每一节按百、十、个的顺序表示。
基数词hundred,thousand,million,billion作确定的数目时不用复数形式,如two hundred,three thousand。若其后加名词时,名词需用复数,如five hundred students。
注意:
hundred,thousand,million,billion等词可以用how many,many,several,a few等词修饰。
How many hundred people attended the meeting?
Only a few hundred.
有几百人参加了这次会议?
只有几百人。
2.基数词的语法功能
基数词起名词或形容词的作用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语。
Three from eight leaves five.(主语、宾语)
八减去三得五。
My telephone number is 21653289.(表语)
我的电话是21653289。
We still have one hour left. (定语)
我们还有一个小时的时间。
We two will help you.(同位语)
我们两个会帮你的。
下一篇: 2015高考英语词汇之序数词
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