高考英语语法精要讲解二十六:情态动词
1、情态动词 + have done sth
这个结构有着特殊意义:用来表示猜测(设想可能发生过什么事情)或
想象(设想可能出现过什么不同的情况)
①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做
This wall oughtnt to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做
You neednt have told her the news.
③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测
I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事,与could相比,may和 might可能性较小,might 可能性更小;might 也可表示过去可能发生而未发生的事情。
Pollys very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth
●推测过去可能发生某事 (同can, 但can不用肯定句)
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示过去没有实现的可能性:某事可能发生,但却没有发生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做(虚拟语气)
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didnt.)
2、can could be able to 表示能力
●can 通常表示现在的或一般的能力---即你无论什么时候想做就能
做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you cant do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。
will be able to 表示将来的能力
Ill be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表达 一般的能力---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力,此时用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示可能性
●可用来表示:①理论上的可能性(不涉及是否真发生);②提出建议
(提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动);③在问句或否定句中表达现在的可能性)
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用来表达:①将来的可能性;②说话时某事可能是真实的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
●could / might 可用来表示: ①说话时某事可能是真实的;②将来
某事有可能发生,但不表示特别可能发生。
You could be right, but I dont think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示允许
①请求允许:它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和 might并不是表示过去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允许:当我们允许某人做某事时,我们用can和may来表达,而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustnt 有拒绝的意思)
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you cant / may not.)
上一篇: 高考英语语法精要讲解二十五:语态
下一篇: 高考英语语法精要讲解三十四:感叹句
Cyclists make Olympic history, 400-year-old shark 英国自行车运动员创英奥运历史,400岁格陵兰鲨鱼
All things to all people 八面玲珑
Big Ben and gorilla surprise 维修大本钟,大猩猩生子
Restrain 和 constrain 的区别
In one ear and out the other 左耳进,右耳出
Battery risk, Farmer anti-theft solution 纽扣电池的潜在危险,牧场主防盗有术
Cyborg beetle and the teenage brain 半机械甲虫,青少年脑部发育
Appreciate 和 recognise 之间的区别
Distinguished 和 distinguishable 之间的区别
Drought in Ethiopia and MS treatment 埃塞俄比亚干旱,多发性硬化治疗手段新进展
EU after Brexit, human ancestor mystery 英脱欧公投后的欧盟,人类祖先之谜新发现
World's longest tunnel and a strange kind of race 世界最长铁路隧道,扛羊毛袋比赛
Solar superpower, female commander and hospital demolished 太阳能超级大国,女海军司令官和著名医院化为废墟
Phelps makes history and marine species 菲尔普斯创造历史,海洋新物种
India's sewer workers and British school standards 印度下水道工人施工安全,英国在校生学习成绩下降
Connection and link 两个表示“关系”的单词
Alligator takes boy and Tate Modern extension 鳄鱼拖走小男孩,泰特现代美术馆扩建完工
Angelina Jolie to divorce, Karaoke star at 80 安吉丽娜·朱莉提出离婚申请,八十岁老人出唱片
Canada wildfire and NASA discovery 加拿大林火,美国国家航空航天局发现系外行星
Chinwag 闲谈-英语点津
IOC on Russian doping and hot June 奥委会就涉俄兴奋剂事件报告进展,六月高温破纪录
Counting elephants, Australian Elvis 空中数大象,澳大利亚“猫王节”
Zika virus, Rare whale filmed in Australia 寨卡病毒传播风险,澳大利亚拍到罕见鲸鱼影像
Delhi's pollution and South Africa's solar power 新德里环境污染,南非发展太阳能
Dangerous heartbeat, Spike Lee and the Oscars 危险的心跳,斯派克·李抵制奥斯卡
US-Cuba flights and male cosmetic surgery 美国-古巴复航和男性整容手术
Earth-like planet, Pink cockatoo dies at 83 类地行星,83岁风头鹦鹉逝世
The cost of protecting the environment, Juno space probe 保护环境付出的代价,“朱诺”木星探测器
Glass-bottomed bridge, cancer risk for HRT and 120-year-old man 世界最长玻璃桥开放,荷尔蒙替代疗法增患癌风险,印度教120岁僧人
Brexit and Hockney's art 英国脱欧公投后进展,大卫·霍克尼艺术展