高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一

　　高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一

　　主谓一致常考难题：

　　Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．

　　Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．

　　More than one student has seen the film.

　　Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.

　　More members than one are against your plan.

　　一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。

　　但如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．

　　并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:

　　Truth and honesty is the best policy．

　　The girls teacher and friend is a young doctor．

　　To love and to be loved is the great happiness.

　　Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

　　A knife and fork is on the table.

　　当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:

　　The teacher as well as the students was excited．

　　The room with its furniture was rented．

　　A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

　　关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:

　　Those who want to go please sign your names here．

　　Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．

　　季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。

　　1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter

　　形容词的顺序：

　　系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料

　　Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table

　　某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。

　　某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。

　　1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地

　　2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地

　　3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不

　　4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来

　　5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地

　　6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地

　　7)high高 highly高度地，非常地

　　8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的深

　　9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)

　　10)near邻近 nearly几乎

　　bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least

　　表示一方不及另一方时，用less＋原级＋than的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．

　　表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰：He works even harder than before．

　　注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加the。

　　He is taller by far than his brother.

　　He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

　　某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。

　　He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．

　　在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：

　　The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．

　　A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．

　　表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:

　　A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.

　　The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.

　　这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］

　　A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.

　　Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。

　　A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.

　　例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.

　　你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

　　表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。

　　表示最高程度的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。

　　如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：

　　Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over.

　　Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.

　　但little不表示数量而表示小的意思时,仍用such。如:

　　They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.

　　6)almost与nearly

　　在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：

　　Im not nearly ready.

　　在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：

　　I almost never see her.

　　need 表示需要或必须,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：

　　You neednt come so early.

　　Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.

　　注意：neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如：You neednt have waited for me.

　　should have done表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。

　　You should have started earlier.

　　ought to have done表示过去应做某事而实际未做。

　　You ought to have helped him (but you didnt)

　　书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。

　　表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。

　　有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：

　　The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。

　　The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。

　　The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。

　　在动词 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用(should)＋ 动词原形(虚拟语气)例如：

　　We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

　　We insisted that they (should) go with us.

　　The doctor ordere