几种容易混淆的时态比较(二)之二
三、关于动词时态的若干注意点:
1、终止性动词与其意义对应的状态性短语在时态上的异同点。
A.用终止性动词表示到说话时已完成的动作时,须用完成时;用状态性动词时,则用一般时。
1)He has fallen ill.=He is ill. 他病了。
2)She said she had caught a bad cold and needed a rest.
=She said she had a bad cold and needed a rest.
她说她重感冒了需要休息。
在第一个例子中,fall ill表示动作,用现在完成时表示已病倒了,be ill表示状态用一般现在时,表示说话处于生病状态。
在第二个例子中,catch a cold表示动作,用过去完成时表示已染上感冒,have a cold表示状态,用一般过去时表示当时已处于患感冒的状态。
3)He has got married.=He is married.
4)They have left.=They are away.
5)He has got used to the life here.=He is used to the life here.
B.终止性动词用于完成时态时,不表示延续概念,不能跟表示延续概念的for+a period of time的时间状态连用,而与其意义对应的状态性短语则可以。
1.He has died.他已死了。(Right)
2.He has died for serveral years.他死了好几年了。(wrong)
说明:在上述句子中,die是终止性动词,die的动作不能延续,而for several years则表示动作或状态继续了好几年。因此,第二个句子是错误的。要表示第二个句子的概念可用表示状态的be dead来表示,即:
3.He has been dead for several years.
或
4.He died several years ago.
或
5.It is several years since he died.
下面是常见的终止性动词及其意义对应的状态性短语。
终止性动词 状态性短语
come(arrive) here be here
go(get) out be out
go/leave/move be away/off
become a member be a member
join an organization be in an rganization
start be on
end be over
return/come(go) back n
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