中学英语中的修辞种种(二)
七、借代(metonymy)是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用
其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was
coming to inspect them...
几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们。
word在这里代替了news, information(消息、信息)
2、Al spoke with his eyes,yes.
艾尔用眼睛说,是的。
说应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了说话的意思。
八、双关语(pun)是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种
含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
Napoleon was astonished.Either you are mad, or I am,he declared.
Both,sir!cried the Swede proudly.
Both一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参
加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
九、拟声(onomatcpocia)是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写
的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力。
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着。
2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached
or feltsunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the
creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.
她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的
沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀。
十、讽刺(irony)是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使
本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果。
Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large
notes.
啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。
店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客:像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢?
名为gentlemen实则beg gar而已。
十一、通感(synesthesia)是指在某个感官所产生的感觉,转到另一个感官
的心理感受。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed and some few
to be chewed and digested.
有些书是应当尝尝滋味的,有些书是应当吞下去的,有少数书是应当咀嚼和
消化的。
书是尝不出味道的,也是不能吃下去将其消化掉的。这里把读
书中的精读和泛读,阅读欣赏与吸收知识的感受,用味觉功能和消化功能来表
示,心理感受是如此逼真和奇特。
十二、头韵法(alliteration)在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,
其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感。
How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of
struggle, success, and sadness.
他如何和为什么来到新泽西州的普林斯顿是一个充满奋斗、成功和令人伤心
的一段经历。
下一篇: 高中英语语法-中学英语中的修辞种种
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