说明文写作三要素
[讲一讲]
用英语写说明文,一要时态正确,二要条理清晰,内容连贯,三要语言朴素,明了。
1. 说明文主要采用一般现在时,因为说明文多为对客观事物或事件的描述,所以并不需要用过于复杂的时态,省去了时态呼应,行文时比较随意、自然。但要注意,当单、复数名词做主语时,主谓语的一致要格外留意。要牢记变动词第三人称需加 -es 的规律。
2. 要写好说明文,关键在于是否能做到行文自然有条理,措词确切且得体。文章看似随意,实是精心安排的结果,如老教材高二(上) Unit 3 中的 Body Language 一文,抓住 different 这一主线,由总而分后又由分而总,用鲜明的对比来说明 Body language has different meanings in different countries. 虽然数例并举,但文章脉胳清晰,例子多而不散,你不妨模仿这种写法。
另外要写出有条理的说明文来,还要注意行文的连贯性,这要求我们平常积累大量的过渡词。如连接词 although, but, when, as soon as, so ,承上启下的副词 generally, at the same time, finally, at last, later 等。这些都是课本中的实例。用对,用好过渡词,就能把各个段落有机联系在一起,使整篇文章过渡自然,有条理,档次也提高了。
3. 要写好说明文,还要学会使用一些常用词组和固定短语。如上面说过的 Body language 一文,作者使用了简短直接的句子进行说明,让读者很轻快就明白了所介绍的内容。该文还大量运用了动名词短语作主语,把复杂的内容用工整的句式统一起来,同时加入不定式、现在分词等非谓语形式,丰富了表达。这些句式,美化了语句,也使文章显得紧凑,简约。所以,在今后的书面表达中,我们应多尝试使用。
范例:
题目要求:写一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文。说明步行有益健康。(内容自选)
范文:
Walking is good to people's health
As everyone knows, either fast walk or slow walk does good to the muscles (肌肉) and lungs of human. So people walk to build up their body, or to lose weight. But only some of them know that taking a walk every day is also good for protecting man's heart. Heart attack has become the first disease in the world because most people suffer from it.
Taking a walk can improve the blood supply to our heart. If you try to walk as often as possible, you'll have a healthier heart.
[练一练]
1. 句式训练:
根据所给汉语完成下列句子:
① is my favorite sport.
溜冰是我最喜欢的运动项目。
② is no use without
光说不做没有用。
③ What I want to do now isin a river.
我现在想做的事是去河里游泳。
④ on the top of the mountain is very difficult.
在山顶呼吸非常困难。
⑤ How about the two of us a walk down the garden?
我们俩去花园散散步好吗?
2. 作文训练:
题目要求:自拟题目写一篇 100 ~ 120 字的短文,谈谈写英语日记的好处。
内容包括:①记英语日记可以帮你复习各方面的英语知识,如记忆单词,正确使用短语,选择恰当的句型结构( sentence pattern ),正确运用语法知识等。
②记英语日记可以提高你的写作能力,常用英语记日记不仅帮你巩固( consoled )所学英语知识,而且有助于你养成用英语思维的习惯,熟能生巧,久而久之,你的写作能力就会有很大提高。
参考答案:
1. ① Skating ② It, talking, doing ③ to, swim ④ Breathing ⑤ taking
2. It is good to keep a diary in English
Keeping a diary in English does a great deal of good to my English study. Keeping a diary can help you review all the English knowledge you have learned. For example, you must know the correct spelling of each word needed in the diary; you must use the phrases correctly and choose the suitable sentence patterns, meanwhile, it is also necessary to use you knowledge of grammar in a correct way.
Keeping a diary can help you not only to console your knowledge of English, but to form the habit of thinking in English. Practice makes perfect. By and by, your English writing will be greatly improved.
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