写作考点谁最俏,准确表达领风骚
近年来高考英语书面表达阅卷采用新标准,要求考生使用高级句型、高级词汇、过渡性词汇和不同的表达方式,以增加文章的可读性和醒目性。诚然,这些都是高考英语书面表达的重要考点,然而在刻苦训练达到新标准所规定要求的同时,一定要注意表达的准确性。这是书面表达最本质的东西,也是最重要的考点,离开了这一点,高级表达方式就失去了意义。那么如何做到表达准确呢?笔者认为主要有以下几点:
一 . 避免语法错误,提高语言的准确性
基础较差的考生在各个语法点上均有可能出错,但动词是英语最重要的词类之一,绝大多数语法与动词有密切联系,因此写书面表达时考生一定要以动词为突破口,注意避免出现语法错误。考生在书面表达中常犯的语法错误有:
1. 动词错误
进行句意表达时,考生既不能多用也不能少用动词。例如:
There are about ten students are absent today. (多用动词 be ,应改为 about ten students absent today )
A boy comes from that school will come to our class. (多用动词 comes ,应去掉)
I can't sure whether he is telling lies or not. (少用动词,应将 can't sure 改为 can't be sure )
2. 时态错误
任何书面表达都有特定的时态环境,而在这种特定时态环境下的时态通常都是相同的,比如介绍人物等的现状应从一般现在时为主,回顾历史应以一般过去时为主,憧憬未来应以一般将来时为主。日记常记述已发生的事,应从一般过去时为主;通知常描绘未来活动,应以一般将来时为主。不少考生对时态概念模糊,随心所欲地使用时态,容易造成大面积的时态错误,因此而丢分。
3. 时态错误
汉语被动色彩不浓,不少考生因受汉语习惯影响,不会正确运用被动语态。例如:
He thought his book lost at the station. (在 book 后加 was )
Li Ping stood on a piece of glass and his right foot hurt. (在 foot 后加 was )
有时不该用被动语态,不少考生却用了被动语态。例如:
It was said that he was graduated from Beijing University. (去掉第二个 was )
The war was broken out in 1980. (将 was broken 改为 broke )
不少考生喜欢在行为动词前加 be .例如:
They are think that they should study hard. (去掉 are )
I am decide that I should start at once. (去掉 am )
4. 名词单复数错误
Each boys in our class has been there. (将 boys 改为 boy )
A lot of student in their class know it. (将 student 改为 students )
5. 冠词错误
冠词虽属虚词,但也不能掉以轻心,否则也会影响文意表达。例如:
There are three people in the bus, worker, teacher, and student. (分别在 worker, teacher, student 前加 a )
In morning we went there and in afternoon we came back. (分别在 morning, afternoon 前加 the )
二 . 避免不规则英文表达,提高语言的准确性
写书面表达时,考生应使用准确、地道的语言,不能使用生涩、难懂或不符合英语表达习惯的语言。考生常犯的语言错误通常有下列几种:
1. 词对词直译
有些考生在表达句子时不会使用准确、地道的英语,而是根据汉语的句子结构用相应的英语单词生硬地词对词直译。例如:
学习刻苦的学生是好学生。
误: Study hard students are good students.
正: The students who study hard are good students.
我将坐汽车去北京。
误: I will by bus to go to Beijing.
正: I will go to Beijing by bus.
他说是你救了他。
误: He said was you saved him.
正: He said it was you who saved him.
2. 汉语式英语表达
很多考生进行句意表达时易受汉语习惯影响,所写句子虽然语法正确,却不符合英文表达习惯。例如:
他困难很多。
误: His difficulty is much.
正: He has much difficulty.
他身体健康。
误: His body is health.
正: He is healthy.
3. 绕道表达
不少考生因词汇量不足,写作时碰到生词总是绕道走,或是用解释法、定义法来说明,结果语言生涩难懂,文章错乱不清,写出的句子就不是地道的英语。例如:
他总是在周末回家。
不地道: He always goes home at the end of a week.
地道: He always goes home at weekend.
请在校门口等我。
不地道: Please wait for me at the gate of the school.
地道: Please wait for me at the school gate.
三 . 巧记常识性语句,进行好句积累
语言是有规律的,不同体裁的书面表达都有其常识性语句,这些语句,能有效增强文章的连结性、逻辑性、可读性,使文章文采倍增。
写人物介绍时应着重描写对人物姓名、性别、年龄、职业、身高、健康状况、业余爱好、工作态度、与人相处、社会评价等语句的表达。例如:
Li Ping is a good teacher. He is thirty years old. He is 170 centimeters tall and he is healthy
写单位介绍文时应着重单位面积、人口、地理位置、绿化工作等语句的表达。例如:
Our factory covers 100 mu. / Our city has a population of one million
记叙文常用短语或句型有: I feel very glad because I have done a good dead. The old woman was thankful to me for my kindness.
环保说明文常识性语句有: There are all kinds of pollution such as air pollution, noise pollution and soil pollution. We live in a terrible environment
英文交友信常用句型有: I'm glad to have a chance to be your pen friend. I learned about you from the International Friendship Club
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