习作评析(7)之一
要点概述
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法、主张的一种文体。写议论文要把握三性和三要素。三性指准确性、鲜明性和生动性。三要素指论点、论据和论证。
论点的基本要求:观点正确,概括全面,见解新颖,有实际意义,要恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。
论据的基本要求,真实可靠、充分典型。
论证的基本要求:推理必须合乎逻辑,论证要讲究顺序,论证要符合正确的推理形式。
写议论文多用被动形式和虚拟语气。但在实际的中学英语写作训练中,纯属议论文体的短文较少,多数属在说明文的基础上,加上简要的观点
名题剖示 1
假如你是 Tom ,是某中学的在校学生,你给市长写封信,反映学校周围的环境问题。
1. 学校周围存在一个市场,噪音、空气污染严重;
2. 小商贩( peddler )经常出入学校,影响学生上课;
3. 受市场影响,部分学生弃学从商;
4. 要求搬迁市场。
要求:
1. 词数: 100 左右;
2. 论点明确,论证合乎逻辑。
[内容要点]
1. 噪音空气污染严重:
noise and air pollution are serious
2. 商贩出入学校:
peddler often go in and out of school
3. 部分学生弃学从商:
give up schooling and to be in-business
4. 要求市场搬迁:
ask the market to be moved
[例题分析]
本文要求考生陈述市场需要搬迁的理由,并进行论证,使之有理有据。本文对于培养学生观察、分析问题的能力及关心他人,关心社会具有积极的意义。
[参考范文]
Mr Mayor,
We strongly ask the market near our school to be moved. It lies in three reasons.
First, some noise and air pollution make us unable to fix our attention on study.
Second, so many peddlers often go in and out of our school freely that we can't listen to our lessons clearly which is likely to be dangerous to us.
At last, I'll say that some of the students begin to give up schooling and to be in-business, affected by the market.
We are looking forward to your answer.
Yours,
Tom
名题剖示 2
请根据以下要点写一篇议论文,谈谈你对污染的看法( 100~130 词)。
1. 当今污染已成为严重的社会问题。空气、河海、土壤的污染对动物和人类十分有害。
2. 列举 2~ 种污染的原因和现象及其后果。
3. 希望科学家们找出解决办法,恢复大自然的本来面貌。
拟用句型:
( 1 )主语 + mean sth. / to do sth./ doing sth. / that clause
( 2 ) not only but also
( 3 ) do harm to sb. (sth.) / harm to be done to sb. (sth.)
( 4 ) have + 宾语 + 过去分词(表示一种遭遇或经历)
( 5 ) It is said / reported that clause
( 6 ) look forward to sth. / doing sth.
拟用词组:
( 1 ) send sth. into; ( 2 ) die from /of; ( 3 ) because of; ( 4 ) prevent from
[例题分析]
污染已成为人类所面临的严重社会问题,人类对于自己赖以生存的地球恣意掠夺、破坏,这已经给人们敲响了警钟。本文对于培养学生关心环境,热爱自己的家园具有积极、深远的意义。
本文要求考生根据提示和自己的背景知识谈谈对污染的看法,并针对污染这个中心论点,运用论据进行论证,属议论文。
[参考范文]
Today, pollution has become a serious problem to us. It means that the air, seas, rivers and land are polluted by waste or poisonous things. It does harm not only to human beings but also to animals (It does harm to animals, as well as human beings.)。
We cannot have fresh air because many factories have the poisonous smoke sent into the air. Beautiful parks are made dirty by plastic tins and bags. Fish die from the polluted water. It is said that strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.
I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem. We are looking forward to seeing the clear sky, clean rivers and beautiful parks again.
名题剖示 3
随着社会的不断进步,妇女在社会中起着重要的作用。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文,以便刊发在某一对外发行的刊物上。
提示:
妇女不再受歧视,男人能干的事女人照样能干,女人可以当工人、科学家乃至领导。
随着社会角色的变化,女人在家庭中的地位也有了改善。妻子和丈夫在家庭中地位平等。妇女不再是做饭的工具,丈夫和妻子共同处理家务,共享欢乐。
尽管妇女的地位有了变化,有人还没有认识到妇女的解放。有的国人以自我为中心,认为妇女无能。在男人主宰的国际会议上,很少有女人被准许参加。
注意:
1. 题目自拟。
2. 词数: 120 左右。
3. 提示词:无能 incapable ;主宰 dominate .
[内容要点]
1. 题目 2. 起重要作用 3. 妇女可以当 4. 妇女能干 5. 地位提高 6. 男女平等 7. 共同处理问题 8. 还未充分认识到 9. 认为女人无能 10. 不能参加重要国际会议
[例题分析]
该文要求论述现在妇女的地位,所以全文选择一般的时态。在写作时,应通过对比,说明现在妇女地位已经提高,但还有许多不尽人意之处。
[参考范文]
Women in the Modern World
Women are playing an increasingly impor
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