怎样写好英语句子之一
我们在前面曾提过学生的作文主要有以下几个方面的问题:
第一、英语底子太薄。
第二、词汇量太小,且对已学词汇记忆不清。
第三、表达思想不清楚。 下面我们看一些例子。
1 ) Some one consider that fresh water will not touch it's end.
2 ) One man's life lack of money, he will impossible to live on.
3 ) As is know, that there are much fake commodities in today's society.
这里引述的例句与考生通篇作文的写作水平是一致的,其中 5 、 6 分的例句具有典型性,代表了近乎中等水平考生的写作水平。从这些例句中不难看出,中等水平的考生,事实上也包括中上等水平的考生,在写作上存在的主要问题是表达思想不清楚。
表达思想不清楚的主要原因是考生作文中严重汉化的英语,即中式英语,比如: man can live happiness , Man is iron, and food is steel., " Women are half side sky. "。此外,语言错误的普遍性和严重性十分惊人,比如,主谓不一致,名词单复数不分,动词时态语态滥用,常用词拼写错误比比皆是。这些严重地影响了思想的表达。考试实践表明,多数考生在写作上的主要欠缺不是系统的写作理论和方法,而是最基本的单句写作能力。
文章无论长短,都是由句子组成的,句子是表达思想的最基本的单位。因此,句子是否能写得正确、达意和清楚,将直接影响整篇文章的写作质量。
为改变这种状况,我们将从剖析考生作文中的典型病句入手,对写作测试中的基本句子结构和写法进行评议和分析,来帮助考生进一步提高句子写作能力。
否定结构除了在助动词、情态动词, be 和 have 后面加 not 之外,还有许多不含 not 的否定结构。若能正确使用他们,文章会显得生动活泼,增加写作的闪光点。下面我们就来看看 :
1 . 含有否定意义的词汇和短语
以下列举的词和词组本身就具有否定的含义,因此无需用否定词。
介词 against, beyond, but, except, without,
形容词和动词 absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,
短语 keepfrom, protectfrom, preventfrom, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, tooto, by no means, nything but,
我们看以下例句:
1 ) Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
在一些国家里妇女没有得到平等的权利。
2 ) This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.
这不是解决能源危机的最好的办法。
3 ) We should protect trees from being destroyed.
我们应保护树木,不让它们受破坏。
4 ) In old China we could not make a nail, let alone(make) machines.
在旧中国,我们连一个钉子都造不了,更不用说制造机器了。
2 . 含有半否定意义的词语
barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything, 具有半否定的意义。例句:
1 ) We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.
几年前在冬天市场上很难见到新鲜蔬菜。
2 ) These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.
这些年轻人几乎不知道如何挑选优秀的书籍来读。
3 . 不含否定意义的否定结构
有些词和词组形式上是否定结构,但其含义是肯定的,比如: cannot but, can't help,
no soonerthan, notuntil, in no time, none other than, nothing but, 等等。例句:
1 ) We can't but face the reality.
我们只有面对现实。
2 ) These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.
这些旧建筑将很快为现代化的公寓所代替。
4 . 否定结构的倒装语序
我们有时为了强调而把否定词和词组放在句首,这时句子结构应倒装。例如:
1 ) On no account should we follow blindly. 我们决不应当盲从。
2 ) No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in our country. 没有任何其他地方有我国这样高的学习热情。
五、 含有 it 的结构
考生病句:
1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.
正确表达:
1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society. ( 或 :As is known to all of us, science)
2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect. ( 或 :As is known to us, practice)
评议与分析:
例句 1 是 93 年 12 月六级考试 11 分作文的评分样卷句子,例句 2 选自 97 年 1 月四级考试作文。很显然,两个考生混淆了 it 和 as 的用法。如果用 it 作形式主语,后面的主语从句必须由 that 引起;如果用 as ,则后面不能用 that ,因为 as 是关系代词,代表 practice makes perfect .
It 在英语中是个相当活跃的代词,在写作中我们常要使用它。以下几种用法应熟练掌握,并能灵活运用。
1 .作形式主语
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes ifference whether we could purify the air or not.
2. 作形式宾语
We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it possible for babies to grow healthily and for people to live longer.
3. 引导强调句
It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.
从语法结构来看,上述的句子都不难,或者可以说是考生相当熟悉的。然而在写作考试中,多
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