表示害怕的形容词例析
afraid,scared,frightened,fearful,worried 等是指人从紧张、焦虑到感到害怕、恐惧的心理状态;而worrying,scary,frightening则是指外部的情况引起了人的惊慌、害怕或恐惧。
1.afraid多指对某人或某物的一贯惧怕,有时也指一般的惧怕心理;如:
⑴ I am afraid of snakes. 我怕蛇。
⑵ Many children are afraid of thunder and lightning. 许多孩子都怕打雷和闪电。
注意:afraid to do sth. 与be afraid of doing sth.的用法是有区别的。be afraid to do sth.是表示害怕、不敢去执行to do 的行为;be afraid of doing sth.是怕doing sth.的行为引起的可能的后果。如:
⑶ A house is on fire,and you are trapped. Someone shouted.
- Jump!跳下去!
I'm afraid to jump. 我不敢跳。(意思是缺乏跳下去的勇气)
- Why?为什么?
- I'm afraid of breaking my ankle!我怕摔断了踝骨。(意思是有可能造成踝骨摔断的后果)
2.scared 和frightened通常指害怕身体受到伤害的恐惧心理,也可指不明显来历不明的恐惧。frightened稍显文雅,并强调惊吓的突然性。如:
⑷ The boys are frightened to move. 孩子们吓得不敢动弹。
scared 常指胆小的人或动物受到突然刺激所产生的剧烈恐惧,如:
⑸ When the lights went out,the girl got scared.
灯光熄灭后,那女孩非常害怕。
3.fearful指充满恐惧,但通常只含有预料危险,失败或烦恼将至的意思。fearful所表示的担心或恐惧来自内心,与外部情况无关。如:
⑹ She was fearful when she saw the elephant approaching her.
看见大象向她走来,她很害怕。
⑺ They are fearful of losing their jobs.
他们担心会失业。
4.worried与fearful一样,表示担心或恐惧来自内心。如:
⑻ I am a bit worried that something might go wrong.
我有点担心要出什么事了。
5. worrying含义是使人烦恼的;忧虑重重的,注意与worried的区别。如:
⑼ Here health is a worrying situation. 她的健康状况令人担忧。
比较:She looks very tire d and worried.她看起来很疲倦很焦虑。
6.scary含义是引起惊慌的;吓人的。注意与scared 的区别。scaring作为形容词是不存在的;scary 也可指人胆小的;易受惊的。如:
⑽ The black tower is a scary place. 那黑塔是吓人的地方。
⑾ Don't be so scared;we are quite safe .
不要担惊受怕,我们很安全。
7.frightening 含义是吓人的。如:
⑿ The horror movie was very frightening.
这部恐怖电影很吓人的。
上述形容词只有afraid不能做前置定语,其余都可以做前置定语。
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