未曾实现的愿望、打算表达法种种（一）
英语中有多种结构可以用来表示未曾实现的愿望、意图或打算，现归纳如下：
1. 动词的过去完成时形式 + 动词不定式的一般式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望时，只适用于 hope ，expect ，think ，mean ，intend ，suppose ，want ，plan 等动词作谓语时。例如：
I had hoped to come to help you. Something happened to me. Thats why I didnt come.
我本希望能来帮助你，但我出了点事，所以没有来。
I had meant to go away but couldnt get rid of the children.
我本想走开，但是我摆脱不了这群孩子。
2. 动词的过去式 + 动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望，这种用法也只适用于上面列举的动词作谓语时。例如：
I wanted to have seen you off at the airport but I got there too late.
我本来想到机场送你，但是我到那里太迟了。
Tom hoped to have come， but he was too busy at that time.
汤姆本想来的，但当时他太忙了，抽不出时间。
3. 动词的过去式 + 宾语 + 动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望，这一用法常用于 expect ，want ，mean ，intend 等动词作谓语时。例如：
My father expected me to have studied medicine，but I joined the army.
我父亲本来指望我学医的，但是我却参军了。
We meant them to have acted like that.
我们原打算让他们这样干的。
4. 用 think ，expect ，suppose ，hope ，believe 等动词的过去完成时形式 + 宾语从句表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望等。例如：
I had though that he died 20 years ago.
我原以为他 20 年前就去世了。
They had hoped that they would be able to see more of Beijing， but time didnt permit.
他们本来希望在北京多看些地方，但时间不允许。
5. was/were+ 动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。 was / were + 动词不定式的一般式与上下文中的动词过去式搭配，也能表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如：
Alice was to have given the first talk， but she came late.
爱丽斯本来要第一个发言，但她来晚了。
The plane was to take off / to have taken off at six， but something went wrong.
飞机本来六点起飞，但是出了故障。
注意： was / were+ 动词不定式的完成式结构有时含有本应该的意味，相当于 was / were supposed to 。例如：
They were to have come here at eight， but they were late.
他们本应该八点钟到这儿的，但他们迟到了。
6. 用 was / were going + 动词不定式结构与上下文中的动词过去式搭配，可以表示过去未实现的意图或打算。例如：
Tom， why didnt you come to the meeting yesterday？
I was going to， but my car broke down.
汤姆，你为什么昨天没来参加会？
我是打算来参加会的，但我的车抛锚了。
I was going to call you last night， but the heavy rain prevented me.
昨晚我本来要去拜访你的，但一场大雨使我未能成行。
7. 用 was / were + about + 动词不定式结构表示过去未曾实现的意图。例如：
I was about to go out， but it began to rain.
我本来要出去的，但天开始下起雨来。
Mike was about to begin， but John spoke first.
迈克正要开始发言，但约翰先讲了。
8. 用动词的过去进行时表示未曾实现的安排。例如：
I was telephoning him， but he came.
我本来打算给他打电话的，但他来了。
We were interviewing the headmaster the next afternoon， but he went to Wuhan on business.
我们本打算在第二天下午采访那位校长的，但他去武汉出差了。
9. wish + 动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如：
Have you watched the TV play？
No， but I wished to have （ watched it ） .
你看过这部电视剧吗？
没有，我本来想看的。
I wished to have visited the Great Wall last Sunday but my mother fell ill； I had to look after her.
上星期天我本想去参观长城的，但我母亲病倒了，我不得不照料她。
10. wish + （that） + 主语 + 动词的过去完成时结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如：
I wish I had taken your advice. 我当初听了你的话就好了。
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
我们要是早两个小时到达那里就好了。[1][2]