学习定语从句的三个切入点
定语从句是高中英语中的重点语法项目,也是历届高考的必考内容。涉及定语从句的考题可以出现在单项填空题、完形填空题中,也可以出现短文改错题中。阅读理解题中也会出现不少含有定语从句的复合句。考生在做书面表达题时也能使用定语从句。为使学生熟练掌握和运用该知识点,在复习课中,笔者是从以下三点切入的。
一。 弄清关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间的替代关系
定语从句与所修饰的名词或代词是修饰与被修饰的关系,但定语从句与先行词之间必须有一关系代词或关系副词替代先行词并在从句中担当一定的句子成分。例如:
Those who want to visit the museum must be all the gate by 7. 想去参观博物馆的人必须在7点钟到大门口集合。(句中who的先行词是Those,并在定语从句中作主语。)
The several points which the president mentioned in his report are very important. 总统在报告里提到的几点的确很重要。(which的先行词是points,并在定语从句中作宾语。)
How many students are there in the class whose homes are in the countryside? 你们班上家在农村的同学有多少?(whose意为(the)students ' , 在定语从句中作定语,修饰homes.)
I can still remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evenings. 我仍然记得我和妈妈一同在晚上呆过的客厅。
先行词是the sitting-room,定语从句中的sit为不及物动词,关系副词where在定语从句中作状语。
We are living in an age when many things are done on computer. 我们生活在一个许多事情都靠计算机进行的时代。
an age为先行词,关系副词when意为in the age, 在定语从句中作状语。
二。 如何选用关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句
如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语,表语或定语时,就得考虑选用关系代词来引导定语从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得考虑选用关系副词来引导定语从句。例如:(2002上海春季)Is this the reason _______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
先行词为the reason,定语从句中的谓语动词explain为及物动词,其后缺少宾语,故答案应选A, that在定语从句中作宾语。
Is this the reason ____ he was late for school?
A. that B. what C. how D. why
先行词为the reason,而定语从句是主系表结构,从句中缺少状语,答案应选D.why意为for the reason。
I still remember the days ____ we spent together.
A. when B. what C. that D. in which
先行词为the days, 定语从句中的谓语运词spend为及物动词,其后缺少宾语,故答案选C,that在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
I still remember the days _____ we worked together.
A. when B. what C. that D. for which
先行词为the days,从句中的谓语动词work为不及物动词,从句中缺少状语,故答案选A,when在定语从句中作状语。
三。 找准先行词,弄清先行词的单复数意义。若关系代词替代先行词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词一定要和先行词在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
He is one of the students in your class who like watching football match. 他是你们班爱看足球赛的学生之一。
students 为先行词,who替代students在从句中作主语,故从句的谓语动词用复数形式。
He is the only one of the students in your class who likes watching football match. 他是你们班唯一一个爱看足球赛的学生。
one of + the + 可数名词复数意为中之一;但the only one of the +可数名词复数意为中的唯一,因此先行词为the only one of时,从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
I, who___your good friend, will go to visit you at any time.
A. is B. are C. am D. was
who的先行词是I,who在从句中作主语,从句的谓语动词应该和先行词I在人称和数上保持一致,故答案应为 C. am.
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