高中英语语法-利用 and 巧解题

　　利用 and 巧解题

　　　　and 是并列连词，它既能连接两个并列的结构，也能连接两个并列的分句。我们可以通过分析它在句子结构中的功能，从而巧妙地解题。

　　　　一、 and 连接两个或两个以上的并列结构。由 and 所连接的两个并列结构在形式上要一致。例如：

　　　　（ 1 ） We rushed back to the palace and looked for it.

　　　　（ 2 ） Father sat at the desk and wrote something.

　　　　（ 3 ） I had to lie to the company and pretend to be a man.

　　　　句（ 1 ）可转换成不定式作目的状语： We rushed back to the palace to look for it.

　　　　句（ 2 ）可转换成现在分词作伴随状语： Father sat at the desk writing something.

　　　　句（ 3 ）中 and 连接两个不定式，后一个不定式 to 要省略。

　　　　例 1 ： The goat rolled over and_______

　　　　A. died B. dead

　　　　C. dying D. death

　　　　分析：选 A . and 连接两个并列谓语；若将 and 改为逗号，则选 B ，形容词 dead 作主语的补足语。

　　　　例 2 ： He called at every door and people ______ the exciting news.

　　　　A. tell B. telling

　　　　C. told D. having told

　　　　分析：选 C . called 和 told 为并列谓语；若将 and 改为逗号，则选 B ，现在分词作伴随状语；若既无 and 也无逗号，则用不定式 to tell 作目的状语。

　　　　例 3 ： She went to the market， ______ everything she needed and took a taxi home.

　　　　A. buy B. bought

　　　　C. buying D. to buy

　　　　分析：选 B .这是三个并列谓语，前两个用逗号隔开，最后一个用 and 连接，即 went ，bought and took 在不同的语境中，也可用其他并列连词，如 or， but 等。

　　　　二、 and 连接并列分句。这种并列句可转换成简单句或从句。

　　　　1. 并列句和简单句、状语从句的转换。例如：

　　　　Use your head and you will find a way.

　　　　此句可转换为简单句： Using your head， you will find a way.

　　　　还可转换为 if 引导的状语从句： If you use your head， you will find a way.

　　　　例 1 ： _____ and they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　A. It being a fine day

　　　　B. Being a fine day

　　　　C. It is a fine day

　　　　D. It was a fine day

　　　　分析：选 D .这是由 and 连接的两个并列分句，其时态要保持一致；若将 and 改为逗号，则选 A ，是独立主格结构。此句还可转换为状语从句： As it was a fine day， they bought a picnic with them.

　　　　2. 并列句和定语从句的转换。例如：

　　　　They are hollow and this makes them very light.

　　　　此句可转换为 which 引导的非限制性定语从句： They are hollow， which makes them very light.

　　　　例 2 ： She heard a terrible noise and brought her heart into her mouth.

　　　　A. which B. it

　　　　C. / D. what

　　　　分析：选 B .这是由 and 连接的两个并列分句，后一分句的主语应用 it ；若将 and 改为逗号，则选 A ，是 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。

　　　　例 3 ： She had two sons and _______ were doctors.

　　　　A. all of them

　　　　B. all of whom

　　　　C. both of them

　　　　D. both of whom

　　　　分析：选 C .这也是由 and 连接的两个并列分句， both of them 为后一个分句的主语；若将 and 改为逗号，则选 D ，是 both of whom 引导的定语从句。

　　　　试判断下列句子的正误：

　　　　1. The weather turned out to be very good， it was more than we could expect.

　　　　2. Spring comes， leaves turn green.

　　　　3. Keep on trying， you'll succeed.

　　　　4. They get coal out of the ground， changing it into electricity and send it to many places.

　　　　5. He has made a wonderful discovery， which I think it is of great help to us.

　　　　6. They got off the train， carrying all their cases and their father's jacket.

　　　　7. Turning down the radio － the baby is sleeping.

　　　　8. I have three coats， none of them fit me.

　　　　9. The secretary worked into the night， preparing a long speech for the president.

　　　　10. As there are nearly 50 streets in the city， most of which we can't remember clearly.

　　　　分析：

　　　　1. 错误。 it 改为 which ；或在 it 前加 and .

　　　　2. 错误。 comes 改为 coming ，是独立主格结构；或在 leaves 前加 and .

　　　　3. 错误。 Keep 改为 Keeping ；或在 you 前加 and .

　　　　4. 错误。 changing 改为 change ，和 send 是并列谓语。

　　　　5. 错误。去掉 it， which 是定语从句中的主语， I think 是插入语。

　　　　6. 正确。 carrying 是伴随状语。

　　　　7. 错误。 Turning 改为 Turn .

　　　　8. 错误。 them 改为 which ；或在 none 前加 but .

　　　　9. 正确。 preparing 是伴随状语。

　　　　10. 错误。 which 改为 them ，前一个分句是 as 引导的状语从句，所以后一个分句的主语应是 most of them .