宾语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法是一个常见的考点,我们着重讲一下宾语从句常使用虚拟语气的几类特殊动词,以及这些动词的用法、构成虚拟语气的用法等。
一、 动词 wish,suggest,order,insist,propose等后面的宾语从句中常使用虚拟语气,此时宾语从句中的动词表示的是一种愿望和要求。
1. wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气,要按后退一步法处理从句中谓语动词的时态。
[注意]:表示何时的愿望,与哪个事实相反,不能以主句的时态为判断依据,而应根据从句的意义判断。
例如:
I wish I could fly.
我希望我能飞。
(用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
I wish I had known it before.
我希望以前就对此事有所了解。
(用过去完成时表示过去未实现的愿望,即与过去事实相反的愿望)
I wish you would stay a little longer.
我真希望你能多呆一会。
(用would+动词原形表示对将来的愿望)
2. 表示要求、建议、命令等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
这类动词包括:demand,suggest,order,insist,propose等。这些动词后面的从句中用 should + 动词原形构成虚拟语气, 其中 should 可以省略。
例如:
He insisted that all of us (should)be there on time by any means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时到那儿。
The teacher suggested that we (should)clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He ordered that the students (should)wash the clothes every week by themselves.
他要求学生们每周都要自己洗衣服。
[注意]:当insist表示坚持认为、suggest表示表明,暗示时,其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
例如:
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
他的表情暗示出他对我为他所做的事非常满意。
He insisted that he was honest.
他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
二、 短语would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。在这种结构中,从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时形式表示虚拟。例如:
Id rather you didnt make any comment on the issue for the time being.
我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。
Wouldnt you rather your child went to bed early?
为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床睡觉呢?
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