高考必考英语内容:情态动词考点透视-查字典英语网
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高考必考英语内容:情态动词考点透视

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  考点点击:情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等,它是英语动词中最难把握的一类,也是每年高考必考内容。

  命题热点:为情态动词的基本用法辨析,情态动词表示态度的用法辨析,情态动词表示推测的用法辨析,情态动词在虚拟语气中的运用。

  考查形式:主要体现在听力理解、单项填空和完形填空中。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析,以便同学们复习掌握。

  典例精析

  一、考查情态动词的基本用法

  一些常见情态动词的非常用意义往往为高考考查的焦点,考生须确切理解其含义并根据句子意思选择正确的情态动词。

  例1:The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by

  both sides. declared the judge. (2004重庆)

  A. may B. should C. must D. shall

  例2: The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?

   Of course. (2003北京春)

  A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do

  分析:上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义,当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时,表示征求对方意见;用于二、三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。上述三题答案分别为D、B。

  例3:Hes strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.

  A. shall B. will C. can D. must

  分析:will用来谈习惯和特性,尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。本句意思为他很怪,能一坐几个小时一句话也不说。答案为B。

  例4:John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour?(2005全国Ⅲ)

  A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need

  例5:Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this!(2005全国II)

  A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not

  分析:must用于疑问句,表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为偏要,硬要、干嘛;而mustnt则表示禁止、不允许,是说话人强有力的劝告。故答案分别为A、B。

  例6:You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)

  A. might B. need C. should D. would

  分析:在某些名词性从句中,should 表示惊异、意外等情绪,常译为竟然。答案分别为C。如:It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。

  例7:_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

  A. Should B. Would C. Could D. Must

  分析:在条件状语从句中,should 表示万一,即可表示不能实现的假设,又可表示可以实现的假设。该句意思为万一明天下雨,会议就延期。答案为A。

  例8:A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全国卷)

  A. should B. can C. must D. will

  例9:The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)

  A. should B. must C. will D. can

  分析:can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中,用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性,用来表达事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生)。故答案分别为B、D。

  二、考查情态动词的推测用法

  1、对现在或客观事实的推测

  对现在或客观事实的肯定推测一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could,语气依次递减。

  例10:Helen _____go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. (2005安徽)

  A. shall B. must C. may D. can

  例11:Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.

  It ___ Harrys. He always wears green. (2005广东)

  A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be

  例12:That, I think, ____ be all that I want to say.

  A. can B. could C. will D. ought to

   分析:must的语气最强,译为肯定、准是、想必是;should的语气次之,译为很可能、应该,指按常理推测;may (might)译为也许、大概,表示把握不大的推断,后面常跟but。could的语气最弱,译为也许、可能。答案分别为C、D、C。

  对现在或客观事实的否定推测,常用cannot译为根本不可能、想必不会,表示推测的语气非常肯定, may not, might not或could not译为可能不、也许不,表示推测的语气不很肯定。

  例13:You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)

  A. must B. shall C. may D. need

  例14:--Isnt that Anns husband over there?

  --No, it _______ be him ---Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. (2004全国Ⅰ)

  A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not

   分析:在例13中,might just as well表示最好,还是为好,说明喜欢的可能性不大,故用may not。例14,根据后面的Im sure可以看出,推测的语气较强,故用cant译为根本不可能、想必不会,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩,常用于否定语气较强时。答案分别为C、 A。

  对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用can或could,而不用may/might。

  例15:Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(2001上海春)

  A. can B. should C. may D. must

  分析:对现在或客观事实的疑问推测,往往用can或could,表示惊异、怀疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案为A。

  2、对过去事实的推测

   对过去已发生事情的肯定推测常用 must/may/might +have + v-ed,must+ have + v-ed意思为想必、准是、一定是,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句,may/might+ have + v-ed 意思为也许、或许表示推测的把握不大,只能用于肯定或否定句,不用于疑问句;对过去的否定推测常用 can/could /maymight not + have + v-ed,意思为不可能/可能没做过;对过去的疑问推测只用can/could + have + v-ed,意思为可能已经。

  例16:He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)

  A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant

  分析:根据后一分句判断,前一分句应该表示肯定完成了工作,故用must+ have + v-ed意思为想必、准是、一定是,语气非常肯定且只能用于肯定句。答案为B。

  例17:My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)

  A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended

  C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended

   分析:must表推测时,不用于否定,neednt have +v-ed 表示本来没有必要,shouldnt have +v-ed表示本来不应该,can/could not + have + v-ed 意思为不可能做过。故答案为A。

  例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.

  -- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coats still here.(2005湖北)

  A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt

  分析:cant have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测,意思为现在不可能走远了;答案为C。

  三、考查情态动词的虚拟用法

  例19:Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.

  --You________ her last week. (2004福建)

  A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told

   分析:对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用情态动词+have + v-ed,据此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做,含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。

  例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)

  A. could B. would C. must D. need

  分析:could+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为:他花钱买了座位,而他本来可以免费进去的。答案为A。

  例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.

  A. must B. may C. will D. might

  分析:前一分句的should not have swum表示责备,后一分句则表明有被鱼吃掉的可能性。might+ have + v-ed 用于肯定句中,表示本来有可能做成某事但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有某种可能性但没能做成。

  例22:Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.

  Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建)

  A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done

   分析:neednt+ have + v-ed 表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事,无批评责备之意,只是惋惜而已。如You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的,因为天就要下雨了。答案为B。

  备考建议

  掌握情态动词的基本词义及其用法是把握情态动词 的关键,同时要认真比较每个情态动词的用法,注意其细微差别,如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差异;熟悉每个情态动词的适用场合,根据语境及说话人的语气选择恰当的情态动词,如用于推测时,must只用于肯定句中,can一般不能用 于肯定句中。may/might不能用于疑问句中;牢记情态动词表示推测的用法,尤其是对过去发生情况的推测;积累虚拟语气的用法,尤其是一些句势和特殊 情况。

 

  

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