13.3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子，结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who))+ 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余用that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
13.4 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。例如：
She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I。例如：
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：Some plants never blown (开花), do they ? 有些植物从不开花，对吗?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。例如：
He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 他应该知道该做什么，对吗?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语(didnt +主语)。例如：
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we? 我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。例如：
He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he? 他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? 例如：
Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 你最好自己去读，好吗?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。例如：
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗?
9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。例如：
Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 你想和我们一块去，对吗?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。例如：
He must be a doctor, isnt he? 他肯定是医生，是吗?
You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you? 你一定读过三年英语，对吗?
He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。例如：
What colors, arent they? 多漂亮的颜色，是吗?
12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。例如：
Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切就绪，是吗?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?
史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he? 他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗?
c. 陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：
I dont think he is bright, is he? 我认为他并不聪明，是吗?
We believe she can do it better, cant she? 我们相信她能做得更好，她能吗?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。例如：
Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) 人人都知道答案，是这样吧?
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?) 没人知道这件事，是吧?
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。例如：
We need not do it again, need we ? 我们不必重做一遍，是吗?
He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢这样说，是吗?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。例如：
She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢独自回家，是吗?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。例如：
Dont do that again, will you? 别再这样做，好吗?
Go with me, will you / wont you ? 跟我走吧，好吗?
注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you? 例如：
Lets go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去听音乐，好吗?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗?
18) 陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。例如：
There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there? 你的表有问题，对不对?
There will not be any trouble, will there? 不会有麻烦吧，是吗?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。例如：
It is impossible, isnt it? 这不可能，是吗?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不会对他同学使坏，是吗?
20) must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：
He must be there now, isnt he? 他现在肯定在那儿，是吧?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 明天肯定要下雨，是吗?
13.3 强调句结构
常用的强调句结构是it 引导的句子，结构为It is(was)+ 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其余部分。此结构强调的成分限于主语，宾语和状语。例如：
It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我们是从太阳那儿获取光和热。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs. 知道读了你的信，我才知道实际情形。
典型例题
1)It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who))+ 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 who，其余用that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 It isthat，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
13.4 用助动词进行强调
句子的强调句还可以用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。例如：
She does like this horse. 她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself. 千万保重。
13.5 反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I。例如：
Im as tall as your sister, arent I? 我跟你姐一样高，对吗?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。例如：
I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想与你说句话，行吗?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
上一篇： 语法复习六：状语从句
下一篇： 英语语法 连词2