语态是表示主、谓语之间关系的一种动词形式,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语法是动作的承受者。被动语态由be+及物动词的过去分词构成,讲一下被动语态要注意的问题:
一.双宾语动词的被动结构
带双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,通常是将间接宾语提前作主语,直接宾语变成了保留宾语。如果主动结构中的直接宾语变为被动结构中的主语,这时在间接宾语前要加介词to(可省去)或for(一般不可省),就是下面的三种情况:
The teacher gave him a dictionary老师给了他一本词典。
He was given a dictionary.
A dictionary was given to him给他了一本词典。
二.主动语态表示被动的情况
1.某些系动词构成的系表结构,可用主动语态表示被动意义。
Eg: The flower smells sweet花闻起来很香。
The soup tastes very delicious那汤味闻起来真好。
2.某些动词后加副词表示被动意义,常用的这类动词有wash, write ,sell, lock, shut ,clean等。
Eg.This type of television set sells well.这种电视机卖得很好。
This pen writes smoothly。这支笔写起来很流畅。
3.Want ,deserve ,need ,require ,及worth等词后面的主动语态表被动意义。在这些动词后(worth除外),既可以接动名词又可接不定式,接动名词要求用主动语态表示被动意义,接不定式要用被动结构。
Eg: The children require looking after=The children require to be looked after这些孩子需要照顾.
4.当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系,并且与句子的主语在意思上有主谓关系时,虽然表示的意思为被动,但却用主动形式。
Eg: We have many problems to solve.我们有许多问题要解决。
5.当不定式作表语(或宾补)形容词的状语,又与句子中的主语(或宾语)有逻辑上的动宾关系时,虽然不定式有被动意义,但只能用主动形式。
Eg: Some books are interesting to read, but boring to learn有些书读起来很有趣,但学起来很厌烦。They found the subject hard to understand 他们发现这个题目很难理解。
来做做下面的改错题:
1.Economic uncertainty, of course, is precisely why commodity futures
A B C
marked is existed
D
2.As the main objective of going to school is presumably to prepare
A B
for after life, it should be very easy to organize lectures designing
C
to give a broad view of the variety of occupations.
D
3.We insisted on giving the task and promised to fulfil it in time.
A B C D
答案参考:
1.D exist是一个不及物动词不能用被动语态,要把D项改为exists.
2.C designing to gjve a broad view of the variety of occupations整个这一句都是用来修饰lecture的,design在句意中不能与lecture够成动宾关系,很明显,design得是人作主语的,因此,改为designed.
3.B 不是我们give the task,而是被别人give the task,所以得用被动语态,改为being given.
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