高考英语语法填空解题步骤及练习题

　　语法填空从样题的命题形式来看，语法填空题仍属于国外一直使用的一种完形填空题，在国内的传统练习和测试中也很常见。一般认为，这种不提供选择项的语法填空题比这些年来高考采用的提供选择项的完形填空题的难度略大。但也有人认为，这种无选择项语法填空题由于没有干扰项反倒有利于考生更好地发挥其英语水平。

　　解语法填空题的一般步骤是：

　　一、浏览全文 把握语篇

　　浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步填空做好语义上的准备，因为语义决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材(语题)、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在填空时进行必要的逻辑推理。

　　二、边读边填 先易后难

　　在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的语义(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法形式的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

　　三、验证复查 清除难点

　　有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案填进短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

　　另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

　　语法填空专练

　　阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡上标号的相应位置。

　　(1)Using Garbage as a Fuel

　　Garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage do not look ____1___ coal, petroleum, or natural gas, __2_____ they are chemically similar to these fossil fuels(矿物燃料). As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as _____3___ energy source.

　　Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the United States _____4__( burn) garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam _____5___ is produced is used to make electricity or to heat nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants burn almost 2 million metric tons of the citys garbage each year. The ____6____ of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil!

　　But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burns _____7___(easy), such as food and paper, must be separated from metals, glass, and other materials that do not burn easily. Another problem is that burning garbage can _____8____ the air.

　　Our fossil fuel supplies are ____9____. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage ___10____(pile) up on the earth.

　　【参考答案】

　　1.like 2. but 3. an 4. have been burning 5. that 6. amount 7. easily 8. pollute 9. limited 10. piling

　　垃圾是一种很好的燃料。垃圾看起来不像煤、石油或天然气，但他们的化学成分和矿物燃料类似。当我们用完矿物燃料时，我们或许可以把垃圾当作能源来用。

　　燃烧垃圾并不是一种新的想法。欧洲和美国的一些城市燃烧垃圾已经有很多年了。燃烧垃圾产生的热量被用来烧水。产生的蒸汽则用来发电或给附近的大楼供热。在法国巴黎，一些电站每年要烧掉200万公吨的城市垃圾。产生的能量差不多相当于燃烧50万桶石油！

　　但是以垃圾作为燃料有一些问题。有些垃圾很容易燃烧，比如食物废料和纸制品，但他们必须要和金属、玻璃和其他不容易燃烧的物质分离开。另一问题就是燃烧垃圾会污染空气。

　　我们的矿物燃料供应有限。燃烧垃圾或许是一种能源资源，我们可以用它来满足对能源的需求。这种方法也可以减少地球上垃圾的堆积量。

　　(2)The Most Influential Book in My Life

　　The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most __1____(influence) book in my life. It is filled with courage, struggle and faith throughout. Helen Keller was once in deep despair in her __2____, but finally she decided to overcome her physical defects and live happily. Furthermore, she showed great patience__3____ her long and hard learning period.