B 在口语化的话语中,有时用get代替be:
The eggs got(=were) broken.
鸡蛋破了。
Youll get(=be) sacked if you take any more time off.
你要是再溜号不上班,就会被炒鱿鱼了。
C 注意:从理论上讲,句子如含有一个直接宾语和一个间接宾语时,可以有两种被动态形式:
Someone gave her a bulldog.
有人送给她一只牛头狗。
She was given a bulldog.
有人送给她一只牛头狗。
A bulldog was given to her.
(译文同上。)
第一种形式远较第二种形式更为常用,即应把间接宾语(而不是直接宾语)变成被动态动词的主语。(参见第302节E,F。)D 对主动态动词的主语是谁(或是什么)提问时,常用陈述语序(参见第55节):
What delayed you?
什么事耽误了你?
Which team won?
哪个队赢了?
同样,对被动态动词主语是谁(或是什么)提问时,也常用陈述语序:
Something was done.
What was done?
干了一些事。
干了什么事?
One of them was sold.
Which of them was sold?
其中的一个被卖掉了。
其中的哪一个被卖了?
主动态问句中的疑问动词可以变为被动态问句中的肯定动词:
What did they steal?(主动语态,疑问动词)
他们偷走了什么?
What was stolen?(被动语态,肯定动词)
什么东西被偷走了?
不过,如问句针对被动态动词的施动者,则必须使用疑问动词:
Who painted it?(主动语态,肯定动词)
这是谁画的?
Who was it painted by?(被动语态,疑问动词)这是谁画的?
在其他类型的问句中,无论是用了主动语态还是用了被动语态,均使用疑问动词:
When/Where/Why did he patit it?(主动语态)
他在何时/何地/为何画这个?
When/Where/why was it painted?(被动语态)
它是在何时/何地/为何画出来的?
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