A 对第三人称的命令用主语 + shall结构(用在书面英语中)shall可用于非常正式的规章文书中,这种规章通常在一定时期内有效。这类结构常常用被动形式
The Chairman,Secretary,and Treasurer shall be elected annually.
主席、秘书和司库应每年改选一次。(俱乐部规章)
A record shall be kept of the number of students attending each class.
每次上课的学生人数均应予以记录。(大学条例)
B 主语+will主要用于对第三人称的命令:
When the alarm rings passengers and crew will assemble at their boat sta-tions.
警报响时,旅客与船员必须在各自的位置上集合。(船上的通告)
这是一种正式的、不带个人感情色彩的、断然的命令。这样用的will表明发出命令的人确信他的命令将受到遵循。它主要用于由具有权威的人,如船长、各军种的军官、学校校长、运动队教练等发出的书面指示:
The team will report to the gymnasium for weight-lifting training.
队员应到健身房报到参加举重训练。
注意:如果把Will挪到主语前面,就把命令变为请求了。在口头命令中可以使用 you will:
You will not mention this meeting to anyone.
你不得向别人提及这次会议。
用must较普遍而且有礼貌:
You must not mention this meeting to anyone.
你不能向别人提及这次会议。
C 命令常由must表示,意思是某一动作是对方的义务:
You must not smoke in the petrol store.
你不能在汽油库里抽烟。
Passengers must cross the line by the footbridge.
旅客必须从天桥过马路。
Dogs must be kept on leads in this area.
本区内的狗必须拴起来。
D 指示或命令可以由be+不定式结构来表示:
You are to report for duty immediately.
你必须立即去报到接受任务。
The switchboard is to be manned at all times.
任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
E 在书面指示中可以用may not表示禁令:
Candidates may not bring textbooks into the examination room.
考生不得携带教科书进入考场。
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