A if从句中的动词是一般现在时,主句的动词是一般将来时。主句和从句的先后次序无关紧要。
If he runs hell get there in time.
如果他跑步去就会及时赶到那里。
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
如果你拉猫的尾巴,它会抓你。
这种类型的句子意味着if从句中的动作很可能发生。
注意:这里的含义是现在或将来,但if从句中的动词是一般现在时而不是一般将来时。if+will/would只能用于表示某些特殊含义时。
B 基本形式可能的变化形式
1 主句的变化
除if+一般现在时+一般将来时外,可能是:
(a)if+一般现在时+may/might(可能性)
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.
如果雾再大,飞机就可能改飞别的机场降落。(也许飞机确实会改飞别的机场降落。)
(b) if+一般现在时+ may(允许)/can(允许或能力)
If your documents are in order you may/can leave at once.
如果你的证明文件都齐备了你可以马上就走。(允许)
If it stops snowing we can go out.
如果雪停了我们就可以出去了。(允许或能力)
(c)if+一般现在时+must,should或任何表示命令、请求或劝告的形式:
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.
如果你想减轻体重,你必须/应该少吃面包。
If you want to lose weight you had better eat less bread.
如果你想减轻体重,最好少吃面包。
If you want to lose weight eat less bread.
如果你想减轻体重,少吃面包。
If you see Tom tomorrow could you ask him to ring me?
如果你明天见到汤姆,你能让他给我打个电话吗?
(d)if+一般现在时+一般现在时
if+两个一般现在时可以用来表示自动产生或照例会产生的结果:
If you heat ice it turns to water.
如果把冰加热,它就化成水。(也可以用will turn。)
If there is a shortage of any product prices of that product go up.
如果某种产品短缺,那种产品的价格就上涨。
(e)当if用来表示 as/since时,主句中就可能使用多种不同时态:
Ann hates London.
If she hates it why does she live there?/she ought to move out.
安讨厌伦敦。
既然她讨厌伦敦,她为什么还住在那里?/她应当搬走。(If she hates it可用If so来代替。)
当然这已不是一个真正的条件句了。
2 if从句的各种变化形式
if+一般现在时可能用下列时态替代以表示条件:
(a)if+现在进行时,表示现在的动作或将来的安排:
If you are waiting for a bus youd better join the queue.
如果你是在等公共汽车,你最好排队。(现在的动作)
If you are looking for Peter youll find him upstairs.
如果你是在找彼得,到楼上就会找到他。(现在的动作)
If you are staying for another night Ill ask the manager to give you a bet-ter room.
如果你还要住一夜,我就请经理给你安排一个好一点的房间。(将来的安排)
(b)if+现在完成时:
If you have finished dinner Ill ask the waiter for the bill.
如果你吃完了,我就叫侍者来算帐。
If he has written the letter Ill post it.
如果他写完了信,我就把它寄走。
If they havent seen the museum wed better go there today.
如果他们没参观过那个博物馆,我们今天最好去那里。
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