A 形式
过去完成进行时是由 had been+现在分词构成,因此无人称变化:
I had/Id been working
they had not/hadnt been working
had you been working?
had you not/hadnt you been working?
凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态,但动词want(有时还有wish)除外:
The boy was delighted with his new knife.He had been wanting one fora long time.
男孩对新小刀很高兴。他早就想要一把了。
注意:这一时态没有被动语态,像They had been picking ap-ples(他们一直在摘苹果)这样的句子,最近似的被动式是Ap-ples had been picked(苹果已摘完),实际上这两种说法意思并不相同。
B 用法
过去完成进行时与过去完成时之间的关系,同现在完成进行时与现在完成时之间的关系相同。
1 表示动作在所说的过去某一时刻之前就已开始并持续到那一时刻或者在那一时刻之前刚刚停止时,常常可以用两个时态中的任一个(参见第192节A):
It was now six and he was tired because he had worked since dawn.
已经6点了,他感到很累,因为他从天亮起一直工作到现在。相当于:
It was now six and he was tired because he had been working since dawn.
那时正是6点,他因从一大早就干活而累了。
2 用过去完成时表示的反复的动作,有时可以作为一种连续的动作用过去完成进行时表示(参见第192节B):
he had tried five times to get her on the phone.
他曾试着打了五次电话要找她。
He had been trying to get her on the phone.
他一直在试着打电话找她。
3 一个用过去完成时表达的单一动作和一个用过去完成进行时表达的动作不同:
By six oclock he had repaired the engine.
到6点钟时他已经修好发动机了。(这项工作已经完成。)
但He had been repairing the engine(他一直在修理发动机)仅告诉我们他在前面的时间/前半小时里做什么,而并不告诉我们这项工作是否完成。
另一个区别是,由过去完成进行时表示的动作常持续进行直到或甚至超过说话的时间(这个时间是在过去)。而由过去完成时表示的动作虽可以发生在这一说话时间之前不久,但动作与说话之间可以有较长的时间间隔:
He had been painting the door.
他当时一直在油漆门。(油漆大概还未干。)
He had painted the door.
他油漆了门。(可能是最近,也可能是一段时间之前。)
下一篇: 牛津实用英语语法:166 用法
体坛英语资讯:Barcelona defender Marquez signs with Red Bulls
体坛英语资讯:Greece win open water team gold at European Swimming Championship
体坛英语资讯:Barcelona beat South Korean all-stars with Messis goals
体坛英语资讯:Bubba Watson shines in Ohio as Tiger Woods flounders
体坛英语资讯:Puyol promises two more years of international soccer
体坛英语资讯:Raul signs with German club Schalke
体坛英语资讯:Zvonareva reaches second round of WTA San Diego Open
体坛英语资讯:Germany wins U-20 World Cup womens title
体坛英语资讯:Mexican swimmer stripped of six medals over doping
体坛英语资讯:Russian Olympic champion Kaniskina walks to gold in Barcelona
体坛英语资讯:Webber wins dramatic Hungary GP to retake drivers lead
体坛英语资讯:Murray fires coach Maclagan
体坛英语资讯:Brazilian volleyball team to play four-team tournament in Poland
体坛英语资讯:Brazil to invest $18.7 bln in World Cup infrastructure
体坛英语资讯:Maradona dropped as Argentina coach
体坛英语资讯:Palmeiras announce Valdivias return
体坛英语资讯:I will be focused on playing for Arsenal: Fabregas
体坛英语资讯:Australian Adam Scott shares second place at Bridgestone
体坛英语资讯:Kuerten, Agassi negotiate ten year anniversary tennis match
体坛英语资讯:French Open winner Schiavone eliminated at WTA Istanbul
体坛英语资讯:Querrey beats Murray to retain LA Open title
体坛英语资讯:Mourinho accepts difficulty of beating Barcelona to title
体坛英语资讯:Kenyas hopes in sprints pay off in 400m
体坛英语资讯:Russian Pavlyuchenkova wins WTA Istanbul Cup
体坛英语资讯:Aguero commits future to Atletico Madrid
体坛英语资讯:Italian, Dutch win open water gold at European swimming championship
体坛英语资讯:Fabregas will stay at Arsenal, says Wenger
体坛英语资讯:FIFA inspects Australia for World Cup bid
体坛英语资讯:Sao Paulo prepares to sell Hernanes to Lazio
体坛英语资讯:Kenyan fans cheer Cheruiyot to Africas 5000m victory