A 用法的不同
1 ought/should表示主语的义务或责任:
You should send in accurate income tax returns.
你应当寄去准确的个人所得税报表。
或指出个正确、明智的动作:
They shouldnt allow parking here;the street is too narrow.
这儿不该允许停车;马路太窄了。
This word is spelt wrongly.There should be anothers.
这个字拼写错了,还应该有个s。
这不像must那样牵涉到说话人的权威,也不像 have to那样牵涉到外界权威(参见第145节),仅仅牵涉到良心或见识的问题:
Pianist to pupil:You must practise at least an hour a day.
钢琴师对学生说:你每天最少要练习一小时。
Pupil to musical friend:I have to practise an hour a day!
学生对爱好音乐的朋友说:我每天不得不练习一小时!
Musical friend:You ought to/should practise for more than an hour.
爱好音乐的朋友说:你应该每天练习不止一小时。
2 ought/should与must和have to之间的又一区别在于,用must 和have to时通常给人的印象是一种义务正在被履行或将被履行。主语为第一人称时尤其是这样,而其他人称为主语时也常是这样。但ought/should则不使人特别感到义务正在或将要被履行。它时常给人义务不在或不将得到履行的印象,在第一人称主语后更是如此。
如果一位驾驶员说I ought to/should go slowly here;its a built-up area(我是该在此慢行的,这是一个建筑物密集的地区),这通常这意味着他不想要放慢车速。如果他真的要放慢车速,他会说I must go/have to go/I will have to go slowly here。同样,如果某人说 We must have a party to celebrate your engagement(我们必须举办一个聚会来庆祝你的订婚之喜),他的朋友们有相当理由相信会举行聚会的,但如果他说Weshould have a party就不是非常确定无疑的事了,他说话的语气或表情可能表示不可能举行聚会。
B 用法中类似的地方
1 should(但不是ought)可以用于正式通知或书面文告等:
Candidates should be prepared to answer questions on
应试者应有准备回答方面的问题。
Intending travellers should be in possession of the following documents准备去旅行的人应备有以下的证明文件
On hearing the alarm bell,hotel guests should leave their rooms听到警报铃声后,饭店的旅客必须离开各自的房间
在这里可以用must而不改变句子的意思,但在此should表示义务的口气更缓和些。
2 ought和should可表示忠告:
You ought to/should read this.Its very good.
你应该读一下这个。它写得很好。
但在语气较重的劝告中用must比较好:
You must read this.Its marvellous!
你必须读这个。写得精彩极了!
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