A主语
用which或that，而which较正式：
This is the picture which/that cansed such a sensation.
这就是那部轰动一时的电影。
The stairs which/that lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
通向地窖的楼梯相当滑。
(另参见下面B。)
B动词的宾语
用which，that或干脆省略关系代词：
The car which/that I hired broke down.或：
我租用的那辆小汽车抛锚了。
The car I hired
一般在all，everything，little，much，none，no，由no构成的复合词及形容词的最高级形式之后很少使用which，而常用that。如果这个关系代词是动词的宾语时也可省略：
All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs.
掉在地上的苹果都让猪吃了。
This is the best hotel(that) I know.
这是我所知道的最好的饭店。
C介词的宾语
规范的结构是介词+which，但通常都把介词移到从句的末尾，用关系代词which，that或干脆省去关系代词：
The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.
我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。或：
The ladder which/that I was standing on began to slip.
The ladder I was standing on began to slip.
D所有格
可以用whose+从句这种结构，但通常是用with+短语这种结构来代替它：
a house whose walls were made of glass用玻璃做墙的房子
a house with glass walls(译文同上)
E关系副词
用when，where，why。
注意：when可以代替用于指时间的in/on which：
the year when(=in which)he was born他出生的那一年
the day when(=on which)they arrived他们到达的那一天
where可以代替用于指地点的in/at which：the hotel/where(=in/at which) they were staying他们当时住的旅店why可代替for which：
The reason why he refused is
他拒绝的理由是
when，where和why有这种用法时叫做关系副词。