A 方式副词位于动词之后:
She danced beautifully.
她舞姿优美。
当动词带宾语时,它位于宾语之后:
He gave her the money reluctantly.
他勉勉强强地给了她钱。
They speak English well.
他们英语说得好。
不要把副词置于动词和宾语之间。
B 遇到动词+介词+宾语结构时,副词可置于介词之前或宾语之后:
He looked at me suspiciously./He looked suspiciously at me.
他怀有疑心地打量着我。
但是,如果宾语由好几个词组成的时候,就要把副词置于介词之前:
He looked suspiciously at everyone who got off the plane.
他用怀疑的目光打量着每一个从飞机上走下来的人。
C 同样,含动词+宾语的句子中宾语的长短也决定副词的位置。如果宾语较短,就用动词+宾语+副词的语序,如上文B所述。但是,如果宾语较长,通常就把副词置于动词之前:
She carefully picked up all the bits of broken glass.
她小心地拣起所有的碎玻璃片。
He angrily denied that he had stolen the documents.
他愤怒地否认他偷了那些文件。
They secretly decided to leave the town.
他们秘密决定离开这个城市。
D 注意:如果副词置于从句或短语之后,则通常认为它修饰从句或短语中的动词。因此,如果把上面最后一个例句中的se-cretly移到句末,就改变了句子的含义:
They secretly decided
他们秘密决定(决定本身是秘密的。)
They decided to leave the town secretly.
他们决定秘密地离开这座城市。(离开这个行动是秘密的。)
E 表示性格和智力的副词如foolishly,generously,kindly,stupidly等位于动词之前时表示行动是愚蠢的/好意的/慷慨的等:
I foolishly forgot my passport.
我愚蠢地忘了我的护照。
He generously paid for us all.
他很慷慨地代我们全付了钱。
He kindly waited for me.
他好意地等着我。
Would you kindly wait?
请您稍候。
注意:也可以用下列句子表示这类种意思:
It was foolish of me to forget.
我真蠢,竟然忘记了。
It was kind of him to wait.
多蒙他好心等候。
Would you be kind enough to wait?
劳驾您等一等,好吗?(参见第252节。)
副词可位于动词或动词+宾语之后,但句子意思就改变了:
He spoke kindly.
他说得很和蔼。相当于:
His voice and words were kind.
他的声调和话语都很和蔼。
不同于:
It was kind of him to speak to us.
他跟我们说话,真是好心。
He paid us generously.
他付我们钱时出手很大方。相当于:
he paid more than the usual rate.
他比一般的价格付得多。
不同于:
It was generous of him to pay us.
他付了我们钱,真慷慨。
注意下面两句间的区别:
He answered the questions foolishly.
他对这个问题做了愚蠢的回答。(他的回答是愚蠢的。)
He foolishly answered the questions.
他愚蠢地回答了问题。(他回答问题的行动是愚蠢的。即:他真蠢,根本不该回答。)
F badly和well可用做方式副词或程度副词。作为方式副词,它们可以位于主动动词、宾语之后或者系动词与被动形式之间:
He behaved badly.
他表现得很坏。
He read well.
他读得很好。
He paid her badly.
他给她的钱很少。
She speaks French well.
她法语说得很好。
She was badly paid.
她挣的钱很少。The trip was well organized.
旅行组织得很好。
badly作为程度副词用时通常位于宾语之后或系动词与被动形式之间:
The door needs a coat of paint badly./The door badly needs a coat of paint.
这门急需刷一层油漆。
He was badly injured in the last match.
在最后一场比赛中他受了重伤。
well(表示程度)和well(表示方式)可放在同样的位置:
Id like the steak well done.
我喜欢牛排烤得熟一点儿。
He knows the town well.
他对那座城市很了解。
Shake the bottle well.
充分晃动瓶子。
The children were well wrapped up.
孩子们都穿戴得很暖和。
well的含义有时取决于它所在的位置。
注意以下区别:
You know well that I cant drive.
你完全了解我不会开车。(关于这件事你一点也不会怀疑。)
You know that I cant drive well.
你知道我车开得不好。(我不是一个好司机。)
well可放在may/might和could之后,强调一个行动的可能性:
He may well refuse.相当于:
It is quite likely that he will refuse.
他很可能会拒绝。
(关于may/might as well的用法,参见第288节。)
G somehow,anyhowsomehow(以某种方法/不知怎地/总算是)可放在句首、不及物动词之后及宾语之后:
Somehow they managed.
他们总算是凑合下来了。
They managed somehow.
(译文同上。)
They raised the money somehow.
他们想方设法把钱凑起来了。