A all(代词)后面可跟of+the/this/these/that/those/所有格形式和专有名词。
both(代词)+of的用法是同样的,但只限于用在复数形式之前。of在这儿常常被省略,特别是与all+名词/单数代词形式连用时。
all the town全镇上的人
all(of)Toms boys汤姆的所有男孩
all his life他毕生
both(of)the towns两个城市都
all(of)these这些都
both(of)his parents他的父母都
B 与all/both+of+人称代词连用时,of不能省略:
all of it它的全部都
both of them他/她/它们俩都
但是还有另外一个结构,即人称代词+all/both:
all of it=it all
all of us=we all(主语),us all(宾语)
all of you=you all
all of them=they all(主语),them all(宾语)
同样:
both of us=we both(主语),us both(宾语)
both of you=you both(主语、宾语通用)
both of them=they both(主语),them both(宾语)
All of them were broken.相当于:
They were all broken.
它们全都破了。
All/Both of us went.相当于:
We all/both went.
我们(俩)全都去了。
We ate all/both the cakes.
我们把(两块)点心全都吃了。
C 人称代词+all/both的组合如是复合时态的主语时,助动词通常位于all/both之前:
We are all waiting.
我们都在等。
You must both help me.
你们俩都必须帮助我。
be也应位于all/both之前,除非它用于简短的回答中:We are all/both ready.
我们(俩)都准备好了。
但是:Who is ready?
We all are./We both are.
谁准备好了?
我们(俩)都准备好了。
其他助动词单独使用时或普通动词用一般现在时时,它们都应位于all/both之后:
You all have maps.
你们都有地图。
They both knew where to go.
他们俩都知道去哪儿。
D each与both一样,后面可跟of+these/those等(of后面的代词仅限于复数形式)。在这里of不可省略:
each of the boys男孩中的每一个
each of these这些中的每一个
然而,each of us/you/them可以由代词+each来替代:each of you=you each(主语、宾语通用)
each of us=we each(主语),us each(宾语)
each of them=they each(主语),them each(宾语)
We each sent in a report.
我们每人递上了一份报告。
They gave us each a form to fill in.
他们给了我们每人一张要填写的表格。
注意:each of us/you/them是单数:
Each of us has a map.
我们每人都有一张地图。
但we/you/they each是复数:
We each have a map.
我们每人都有一张地图。
we/you/they each在句中作主语时,句子的语序同上面C有关all及both的语序相同:
They have each been questioned.
他们每个人都被查问过。
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