A 用在第一次提到而非特指某人或某物的单数可数名词前面:
I need a visa.
我需要签证。
They live in a flat.
他们住一个套间。
He bought an ice-cream.
他买了一个冰淇淋。
B 用在代表一类东西的单数可数名词前面:
A car must be insured.
汽车必须投保。相当于:
All cars/Any car must be insured.
所有汽车/任何汽车都必须投保。
A child needs love.
孩子需要爱。相当于:
All children need/Any child needs love.
所有孩子/任何孩子都需要爱。
C 用在作表语的名词(包括职业名称)前面:
It was an earthquake.
是一次地震。
Shell be a dancer.
她将成为舞蹈演员。
He is an actor.
他是演员。
D 用在某些表示数量的词组中:
a lot of许多
a couple一对
a great many很多
a dozen一打(但也可以用 one dozen)
a great deal of大量
E 用在某些数字前面:
a hundred一百
a thousand一千(参见第 349节。)
当half跟在一个整数后面时,a用在half前面:
可以说a+ half+名词:
a half-holiday一次半天假
a half-portion半份(食物)
a half-share半份(钱)
a third三分之一
a quarter四分之一
但也可以用one。(参见第350节。)
F 用在表示价格、速度、比率等的词组中:
5p a kilo 5便士一公斤
£ la metre一英镑一米
sixty kilometres an hour每小时 60公里
10p a dozen 10便士一打
four times a day每天四次
(这里 a/an=per)
G用在感叹句中单数可数名词前面:
Such a long queue!
排的队真长!
What a pretty girl!
多漂亮的姑娘!但是:
Such long queues!
排的队都可真长!
What pretty girls!
多漂亮的姑娘们!
(是复数名词,所以不用冠词,参见第3节。)
H 用在Mr/Mrs/Miss+姓氏之前:
a Mr Smith一位史密斯先生
a Mrs Smith一位史密斯太太
a Miss Smith一位史密斯小姐
a Mr Smith是指一位姓史密斯的先生,表示这位史密斯先生对于说话的人是陌生的。如果Mr Smith前不加a,则说明说话人认识史密斯先生或知道有这么个人。
下一篇: 情态动词+ have +过去分词
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