导语:2014高考最后冲刺阶段到了,英语听力作为高考英语试卷中比较容易得分的一部分,在这时更应该巩固知识,做到会的绝不丢分,小编为考生们整理了场景词汇的作用,希望大家查漏补缺,取得好成绩。
否定作为一种逻辑概念在听力测试中的应用非常广泛,表达否定含义的修辞手段也比较多。弄清各种形式的否定含义是理解话语意义的关键。
1)用否定词表达否定含义
提起否定词,不少同学自然会想到no, not, never等词。然而听力测试中的否定概念并非局限于此。一些含否定意义的副词、形容词、代词、连词、动词、名词及前后缀也常在句子中间执着地表示否定的含义,如rarely, hardly, seldom, scarcely, few, little, none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, beyond, fail, miss, refuse, dislike, impossible等。但在这些否定词中,对否定对象的否定程度却有不同,有的是完全否定,有的是部分否定,有的否定大部分,还有的否定小部分。我们应体会其中的差异从而准确地理解语义。
【例10】
When she heard that news, she could hardly control her feelings.
(当她听到那消息时,她几乎不能抑制住她的感情。) 句中的hardly是半否定词,意思是几乎不,简直不,对could control作大部分否定。
【例11】
Nobody believes what he said.
(没有人相信他说的话。)句中nobody是完全否定词,将否定对象全部加以否定。
【例12】
Professor Wang seldom watches TV at night.
(王教授晚上很少看电视。)seldom是半否定词,与only occasionally 同义。对watch作部分否定,意思是王教授有时在晚上还是看电视的,但只是偶尔看看。
【例13】
M: Have you read anything good recently?
W: Nothing you would like.
Q: What does the woman mean?
女方在回答时的nothing为完全否定。句义为没有你感兴趣的东西,也就是我爱看的东西,你不会喜欢。理解到这个含义,就能选出正确的答案了。
【例14】
M: What kind of drink would you like? Coke or coffee?
W: Neither, but actually I prefer Chinese tea to any other drink.
Q: What does the woman mean?
女方在句中用的neither是对coke和coffee两者的否定。很显然,她所喜欢的饮料是tea。
【例15】
The good and the beautiful do not always go together.
(善与美不总是并存的。)not always为部分否定,与sometimes同义,为有时、不经常的意思。
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