提到枯燥无味的语法,很多同学都感到束手无策。如何才能在有限的时间内迅速提高并掌握英语语法呢?笔者为同学们准备了锦囊一枚,神奇的口诀便蕴于其中。妙用口诀可以使语法学习和记忆变得生动有趣、轻松自如。只要来把口诀记,何愁语法你不行!
一、be动词用法口诀
【速记口诀】 I用am, you用are,is跟着他(he)、她(she)、它(it);单数形式用is,复数形式全用are。
变疑问,一提二改三问号;变否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
【妙语诠释】变疑问句时,可分三步进行:第一步是提,指的是把句中的be动词提到主语前面;第二步是改,指的是把提到句首的be动词的首字母改成大写字母,主语的首字母改成小写字母(如主语是专有名词则不改);第三步是问号,指的是在句末加上问号。
【中考真题】(2008年重庆)This is my twin sister Lucy. Both she and I ______ good atdrawing.
A. am B. is
C. are D. be
【答案点拨】答案为C。由口诀复数形式全用are可轻松得出答案。
二、物主代词用法口诀
【速记口诀】物主代词分形、名,形式用法各不同;
形容词性先出场:我的my你的your;
男的his女的her,它的its不加撇;
我们的our他们的their,别忘记!
物主代词形变名,多数词尾加s;
my变mine须分明,his和its是本身;
形跟名词,名不跟,用法牢记不会错!
【妙语诠释】 形跟名词,名不跟。即形容词性物主代词在句中通常作定语,其后一定要跟名词。例如:Where is your father? 而名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,其后不能跟任何名词。例如:These books are not ours.
【中考真题】(2008年江苏徐州)Something is wrong with your car. Dont worry, you canuse _____ (we).
【答案点拨】答案为ours, 根据口诀形跟名词,名不跟确定此处应填名词性物主代词。
三、基数词变序数词口诀
【速记口诀】基变序,有规律,一、二、三,个别记;
-th从四起,八加-h,九去-e;
-ve要用-f替,以y结尾变-ie;
几十几,几百几,首词不变尾变序。
【妙语诠释】 ①序数词first, second, third与对应基数词没有规律可言,需单独记忆;②从fourth开始,序数词都以-th结尾,eight只加-h变成eighth,nine要去-e后再加-th变为ninth;③five和twelve这两个词要变-ve为-f再加-th;twenty和thirty等要变-y为-ie再加-th;④表示第几十几第几百几十几,只把对应的基数词个位数变成序数词。例如:twenty-one twenty-first, four hundred and sixty-five four hundred andsixty-fifth。
【中考真题】(2008年山西)Can you answer the _______(第三) question and the fourth onein Chinese?
【答案点拨】答案为third。序数词第三对应的基数词是third要单独记忆。
四、陈述句变感叹句口诀
【速记口诀】按照陈述句结构,感叹部分提句首;
Whata(an)形加名,不可、复数a(an)去;
形容、副词在How后,莫忘叹号在句末!
【妙语诠释】将陈述句改写成感叹句,一般是按照陈述句的结构,把需要感叹的部分提到句子开头。当前置部分中心词是可数名词单数时,用What a/an+adj.+n.句式,当名词是不可数名词或复数形式时,只用What;当前置部分是形容词或副词时,句首要加上How。
【中考真题】(2008年四川南充)_____ weather!Its too cold!
Thatsterrible. We cant go climbing today.
A. Whatbad
B. What abad
C. Howbad
【答案点拨】此题选A。weather是不可数名词,由口诀What a(an)形加名,不可、复数a(an)去得知此处只能用What。
五、省略to的动词不定式口诀
【速记口诀】一感、二听、三让、四看、半帮助;
感使动词真奇怪,后接宾补略去to;
此点千万要牢记,to在句中像妖怪;
主动句里它走开,被动句里它回来。
【妙语诠释】一感:feel;二听:hear, listen to;三让:let, have, make;四看:see, watch, lookat, notice;半帮助:help。这些感官使役动词后接动词不定式做宾语补足语时,省略不定式符号to,其中help后面的to可加可不加。但在主动语态中省略的to在被动语态中一定要加上,不可省略。
【中考真题】(2008年江苏南通)Mary was heard ______ just now. What happened?
John wastelling a joke.
A. cry B. to cry
C. laugh D. tolaugh
【答案点拨】答案为D。根据答句John was telling ajoke.我们可排除A,B选项,运用口诀to在句中像妖怪,被动句里它回来题目便迎刃而解。
■
1. This is______(I) backpack. _____(you) is over there.
2. He likes_______(he) family. I like _______(I).
3. Septemberis the n_____ month of the year.
4. The movieis exciting. (改为感叹句)
_________________ the movie is!
5. They arehappy boys. (改为感叹句)
_____________ _________ ________ they are!
6. ________your child. Well look after him.
A. Not toworry about
B. Dontworry about
C. Not worryfor
D. Dontworry with
7. _______interesting subject it is!
A. What a B. How
C. Whatan D. What
8. Dontmake me _______ this or that. Im too busy.
A. todo B. do
C. doing D. done
9. The girlwas often heard _________ on the playground.
A. sing B. singing
C. tosing D. sang
10. Lucy andLily ______ sisters. They study at the same school.
A. be B. am
C. is D. are
11. ____ of the girls in the school are fans of Li Yuchun.
A. Two fifths
B. Two fifth
C. One thirds
D. Fifths two
12. ______ of the money ______ been spent recycling the rubish.
A. Three fourths; has
B. Three fourths; have
C. Three fourth; has
D. three fourth; have
Key:
1. my; Yours
2. his; mine 3. ninth
4. How exciting
5. What happy boys
6. B 7. C 8. B
9. C 10. D 11. A
12. A
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