中考英语语法考点导练系列——名词

　　名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它属于一种重要的实词，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、标语、定语或状语。常见的考点如下：

　　1、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式，包括可数名词的复数的变化规则，少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。

　　2、不可数名词数量的表达法。用数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。

　　3、名词所有格及其用法。以-s结尾的单数名词加或s构成所有格；以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加；不规则复数名词在词尾加s；两者或两者以上共同所有，把s加在最后的名词上；表示各自拥有某件东西时，每个名词都要用所有格形式。

　　4、名词作主语时的主谓一致。主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式，主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数；主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词要用复数形式；主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义，则谓语动词也采用单数形式；谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。

　　5、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义，再根据句法进一步确定词形。

　　6、易混名词的区别。主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆的名词的用法。

　　【策略点拨】

　　考查名词的常见题型有单项选择、词形转换、单词拼写、用单词的适当形式填空和英汉互译等。做这类题时，必须首先认真理解全句的意思，先根据语境搞清词义，即确定用哪个词，再确定词形如单、复数、所有格等。

　　【真题再现】

　　1. The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. （2006 重庆）

　　A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers

　　剖析：可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加s。根据school concert可知，需要挑选的是singers。答案：D

　　2.Mr Zhang and Mr Lin live next to us. They are our n . (2006 兰州)

　　剖析：由live next to us可知，Mr Zhang and Mr Lin是我们的邻居。主语为复数。邻居也应为复数。答案：neighbours/neighbors。

　　3. It is over ________ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. （2006 河北）

　　A. three hours drive B. three hours drive C. three hours drives D. three hours drive

　　剖析：以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在词尾s后面加，drive作名词用时，意为驱车旅行，旅程，是不可数名词。答案：A

　　4. ―Would you like some drinks， boys？（2006 河北）

　　―Yes， ， please.

　　A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange

　　剖析：orange是不可数名词。可用数词或冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词这样的结构来表示它的数量。量词（piece， bottle， glass， pair， cup等）是可数名词，可根据情况用单数或复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。答案：D

　　5. ―Hows Joys skirt？ （2006 兰州）

　　―Her skirt is more beautiful than .

　　A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate

　　C. her sister and Kates D. her sisters and Kates

　　剖析：当某物为几个人所共有时，只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式；如表示两者或两者以上分别所有，应在每个名词后用所有格形式。答案：D

　　6. exciting news！ We will have long holiday after the exam. （2006 黄冈）

　　A. What an， a B. What， a C. How an， the D. How， the

　　剖析：news为不可数名词，其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示，如a piece of，a cup of ，two glasses of three bottles of，etc。答案：B

　　【现场练兵】

　　I. 选择填空

　　（ ）1.―Can I help you？

　　―Id like for my twin daughters.

　　A. two pair of shoes B. two pairs of shoe C. two pair of shoe D. two pairs of shoes

　　（ ）2.Jennys shoes were worn out. She wanted to buy a new .

　　A. shoe B. shoes C. one D. pair

　　（ ）3.Is it about from Jixi to Harbin？

　　A. ten hours train B. ten hours train C. ten hours trains D. ten hours train

　　（ ）4. team in No. 4 Middle School used to help with their training.

　　A. Boys， the girls B Boys， the girl C. The boys， the girls D. The boys， the girl

　　（ ）5.Liu Xiang，21，is an Olympic winner in the hurdles（跨栏）.Were proud of him.

　　A.110-metre B.110-metres C.110 metre D.110 metres

　　（ ）6.The guide has . She will show them to us.

　　A. some old paper B. some special food C. a new jacket D. some beautiful pictures

　　（ ）7.－What class are you in， Mike？

　　－Im in .

　　A. Grade Three， Class Two B. Class Two， Grade Three

　　C. class two， grade three D. grade three， class two

　　（ ）8.Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in .

　　A. two days time B. two-days time C. two days time D. two days time

　　（ ）9.―My prize is different from .

　　―But is the same as mine.

　　A. Dick；yours B. Dicks；yours C. Dicks；your D. Dicks；yours

　　（ ）10.―Do you know the woman over there？

　　―Yes. Shes aunt.

　　A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys

　　（ ）11.Dont make so much .The baby is sleeping.

　　A. things B. mistakes C. voice D. noise

　　（ ）12.－How far is it from your home to the school？

　　－Its about .

　　A.10 minutes walk B.10 minutes walk C.10-minutes walk D.10 minutes walk

　　（ ）13.―Can I help you， sir？

　　―Yes， Id like five and some peas.

　　A. potato B. tomatoes C. meat D. banana

　　（ ）14.There are a lot of down there but hardly any .

　　A. sheeps， people B. sheep， people C. sheeps， persons D. sheep， peoples

　　（ ）15.There are some on the ground.

　　A. leafs B. leaf C. water D. leaves

　　( ) 16. All the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the _____of the running water.

　　A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound

　　( )17. Are there many _________on the farm？

　　A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep

　　( )18. Lao She is the ________ of Tea House.

　　A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer

　　( )19. How many ______ are there in the box？

　　There is only one.

　　A. potato B. potatoes C. tomatos D. radioes

　　( )20. Im hungry， could I please have ______.

　　A. a cup of tea B. four pieces of bread

　　C. two glasses of water D. three bottles of milk

　　II. 根据句意、英文释义和首字母提示，写出各单词的正确形式（每空一词）。

　　1. Many foreigners enjoy Chinese m （round cakes）on Mid-autumn Day.

　　2.It takes us thirty m to read English or Chinese in the morning.

　　3. The poor people who received money from Bill Gates thanked him for his g .

　　4.Ms Zhao works in our school library. She is one of the most popular .

　　5.I dont know his a in Beijing， so I cant write to him.

　　6.The headmaster met the foreign visitors at the e to the school.

　　7.The boat can take us to the only i in the middle of the lake.

　　8.The shortest month of the year is F .

　　9.Winter is my favourite s because I can go swimming.

　　10.―Excuse me， Mr Jenkins. Could I borrow your car？

　　―Sure！ Here is the k .

　　III.根据所给句子的汉语提示，写出符合句意和语法的单词。

　　1.You can see a lot of （风景）along the seaside in Qingdao.

　　2.The engineer spoke highly of the （专家的）invention. He told us it had taken them two years to invent it.

　　3.Its only about an （小时）flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.

　　4.―Dad， where are my （运动鞋）？I cant find them.

　　―Im sorry， dear. Go and ask your mother for help.

　　5.He wrote a lot about his （经历）as a country teacher.

　　6.John won the first prize in the diving （竞赛）.

　　7.The increasing population may be one of the greatest （挑战）in the world.

　　8.There are （百万）of books in the city library.

　　9.I think Waikiki is one of the best （海滩）in Honolulu.

　　10.They have had several （讨论）about how to improve the old machine， but they havent had a good idea.

　　IV.用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。

　　1.When he saw the boy was in danger， Edison rushed out and carried him to （safe）.

　　2.Feng Ais love and will always be remembered by her students and their parents in Yunnan.(kind)

　　3.Look at the map. Guilin is in the （northern）of Guangxi.

　　4.Im a new (come).Let me introduce myself to you.

　　5.More and more foreign （visit）are interested in Nanning City.

　　6.Two (hour) ride is not so long.

　　7.Could you cut the pear into two (half)？

　　8.Olease take the second (turn) on the right.

　　9.Many (travel) come to visit Hainan every year.

　　10.Several (Frenchman) and (German) visited our school last Friday.

　　参考答案

　　I. 1-5DDACA 6-10 DCBCD 11-15 ADDDC 16-18 DDDBB

　　II.1.mooncakes 2.minutes 3.generosity/generosities 4.librarians 5.address 6.entrance 7.island 8.February 9.season 10.key

　　Ⅲ.1.scenery 2.experts 3.hours 4.sports shoes/running shoes/sneakers 5.experie 6.competition7.challenges 8.millions 9.beaches 10.discussions

　　Ⅳ.1.safety 2.kindness 3.north 4.comer 5.visitors 6.hours 7.halves 8.turning 9.travellers 10.Frenchmen，Germans